Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The "Barbers" of the Middle Ages used sterile techniques to reduce wound infections. This statement is correct because during the Middle Ages, barbers often performed surgical procedures and used techniques like boiling water and alcohol to sterilize instruments, reducing the risk of wound infections. This practice contributed to advancing the field of surgery and indirectly influenced nursing practice by emphasizing the importance of infection control. Incorrect choices: A: The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use anesthesia in the operating room - This statement is incorrect as anesthesia was not used in surgery until the 19th century. C: The Indian culture from 274 to 236 BC had hospitals staffed with female nurses who practiced much like today's nurses - This statement is incorrect as while Indian culture had early hospitals and female nurses, their practices were not comparable to modern nursing. D: During the Renaissance, advances in nursing education, including surgery, were nonexistent - This statement is incorrect as the Renaissance saw advancements in medical and surgical knowledge

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: deployment chart. A deployment chart is used to illustrate how resources or personnel are allocated and utilized during an emergency or disaster situation. In this case, the organization's emergency preparedness task force is detailing how each department will assist individuals in reaching safety, which aligns with the purpose of a deployment chart. It helps visualize the specific roles and responsibilities assigned to each department during an evacuation. A: Pareto chart is used for prioritizing actions based on the 80/20 rule. B: Control chart is used for monitoring process variations over time. C: Top-down flowchart is used to represent the sequence of steps in a process hierarchy. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they do not specifically address the allocation of resources and responsibilities during an emergency evacuation scenario, which is the primary function of a deployment chart.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation. In this scenario, the nurse researcher is determining the significance of findings, which falls under the evaluation phase of scientific inquiry. Evaluation involves assessing the results and determining their importance and relevance. It is crucial in determining the validity and impact of the research findings. A: Hypothesis - While formulating a hypothesis is an important step in the scientific method, it is not directly related to determining the significance of findings. B: Method - Refers to the procedures used to conduct the research study, not specifically related to evaluating the significance of findings. C: Data collection - Involves the process of gathering data, not directly related to determining the level of significance of findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: gather information. This step is essential as it allows nurses to collect data, assess the situation, and make informed decisions. Identifying the problem (A) comes after gathering information. Considering consequences (C) and implementing interventions (D) are later steps in the process once information has been gathered. Gathering information is foundational to problem-solving as it provides the necessary data to understand the situation fully and determine the appropriate course of action.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: moving. In Lewin's change management model, the process involves three stages: unfreeze, move, and refreeze. In this scenario, the hospital has already identified the need for change (unfreeze) by recognizing the issue with patient satisfaction scores. The change agent's recommendations and the implementation of interdisciplinary walking rounds and involving patients and families in rounds indicate the active phase of making changes and transitioning to new practices (moving). The actions taken, such as rounding every shift, updating the team through huddles, monitoring nurse participation, and interviewing patients, all demonstrate movement towards the desired change. Refreeze would come after the changes have been successfully implemented to stabilize and institutionalize the new practices. The options A (unfreeze) and C (refreeze) are incorrect as the hospital is currently in the implementation phase of change, and option D (resistance) does not apply as there is no indication of significant resistance to the proposed changes in the scenario provided.