Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the legislative branch determines which laws are constitutional by passing or rejecting proposed legislation. In the case of the PPACA, the legislative branch, specifically the Congress, passed the law. The Supreme Court's role is to interpret the constitutionality of laws (not determine which laws are constitutional), as seen in the case where the PPACA was upheld as a form of taxation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B is incorrect because while the legislative branch appropriates funds, the actual allocation of federal dollars is determined through the budget process, not solely by the legislative branch. C is incorrect because the executive branch, not the legislative branch, consists of the President and executive departments that implement laws like the PPACA. D is incorrect because the legislative branch can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote, not vice versa. The President does not have the power to veto laws found constitutional by the Supreme Court.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because taking a deep breath and remaining calm helps the nurse develop patience, which is essential for managing stress and workload effectively. By staying calm, the nurse can think more clearly, make better decisions, and handle challenging situations with composure. This approach can improve the nurse's overall well-being and productivity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because: A: Positive affirmations are helpful but may not address the root cause of the nurse's fatigue and workload issues. C: Staying hydrated is important for maintaining energy levels, but it may not directly address the nurse's ability to manage workload and personal life balance. D: Eating healthy snacks and taking breaks are important for maintaining energy levels, but they may not directly address the nurse's ability to stay calm and patient in stressful situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: thromboembolism due to increased clotting. Ginkgo biloba is known to have a blood-thinning effect, which can increase the risk of thromboembolism, especially for individuals recovering from a stroke. This can lead to potentially life-threatening complications such as blood clots. Choice B: Seizures due to interaction with anticonvulsants is incorrect because ginkgo biloba is not known to significantly interact with anticonvulsants to cause seizures. Choice C: Hypertension due to sodium retention is incorrect because ginkgo biloba is not known to cause sodium retention or lead to hypertension. Choice D: Photosensitivity due to increased melanin production is incorrect because ginkgo biloba is not associated with increased melanin production or photosensitivity reactions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because institutional review boards (IRBs) are responsible for ensuring that research studies involving human subjects do not cause harm. IRBs evaluate the potential risks and benefits of the study to protect participants' rights and well-being. Choice A is incorrect because publication is not within the primary scope of IRBs. Choice B is incorrect as adding to nursing knowledge is not the main focus of IRBs. Choice D is also incorrect as funding approval is typically handled by separate entities and is not the primary role of IRBs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because workplace violence in health care agencies commonly includes violence towards staff by patients or visitors, especially in cases where patients are victims of domestic violence. This type of violence can manifest as physical aggression, verbal abuse, or threatening behavior. The other choices are incorrect because B describes workplace sabotage, C focuses on personal development unrelated to workplace violence, and D describes a scenario unrelated to violence towards staff in a healthcare setting.