nclex practice questions 2023 health assessment

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the image formed on the retina is indeed upside down and reversed from its actual appearance in the outside world due to the way light rays are refracted and focused by the cornea and lens. This phenomenon is known as the inverted retinal image. Choice A is incorrect as visual pathways cross at the optic chiasm, so the right side of the brain interprets vision for the left visual field from both eyes. Choice C is incorrect as light rays are refracted at the cornea and lens, not through the transparent media of the eye before striking the pupil. Choice D is incorrect as light impulses are conducted through the optic nerve to the occipital lobes, not the temporal lobes, where the primary visual cortex is located.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: clumped. Acutely infected lymph nodes typically present as clumped due to inflammation and enlargement of multiple nodes in close proximity. This clustering is a result of the immune response to the infection. Choice B: unilateral is incorrect as lymphadenopathy in acute infection can be unilateral or bilateral. Choice C: firm but freely movable is incorrect as acutely infected lymph nodes are usually tender and may not be freely movable due to inflammation. Choice D: hard and nontender is incorrect as acutely infected lymph nodes are usually tender and may not be hard.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: a hordeolum (stye). A hordeolum is a localized infection in the eyelid, typically caused by bacterial infection of the oil glands. In this case, the presence of a painful pustule at the lid margin, along with redness and swelling, is characteristic of a hordeolum. The pain on touch is also indicative of an infection. Choice A, a chalazion, is an inflammatory lesion caused by a blocked oil gland, but it is usually painless and not typically associated with redness or tenderness. Choice C, dacryocystitis, is an infection of the lacrimal sac, which presents with different symptoms such as tenderness over the inner corner of the eye and tearing. Choice D, blepharitis, is inflammation of the eyelid margins, but it does not typically present with a painful pustule at the lid margin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Any recent drainage from the ear. This is crucial because drainage could indicate an infection or other underlying issue causing the auricle symptoms. Hearing changes (option A) may not be directly related to the auricle findings. Recent trauma (option C) would be more evident on inspection. Prolonged cold exposure (option D) is less likely to cause the described symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: suspect that the patient has hyperthyroidism. Periorbital edema is a common sign of hyperthyroidism due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues around the eyes. By suspecting hyperthyroidism, the nurse can further assess for other associated symptoms and recommend appropriate diagnostic tests. Choice A (check for the presence of exophthalmos) is incorrect because exophthalmos refers to bulging eyes, which may be present in hyperthyroidism but is not directly related to periorbital edema. Choice C (ask the patient if he or she has a history of heart failure) is incorrect as periorbital edema is not typically associated with heart failure, which usually presents with generalized edema. Choice D (assess for blepharitis) is incorrect because while blepharitis can cause eyelid inflammation, it is not typically associated with periorbital edema seen in hyper