Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: limit daily alcohol intake. This is crucial for clients with cirrhosis as alcohol can exacerbate liver damage. Limiting alcohol intake helps prevent further harm to the liver and promotes overall health. Supplementation with multivitamins (choice A) can be beneficial, but not as essential as avoiding alcohol. Taking sleeping pills (choice B) may worsen liver function and is not recommended. Limiting contact at all times (choice D) is irrelevant to managing cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3.8 mL. To calculate the volume needed, first determine the concentration of the solution after reconstitution: 2.4 million units / 5,000,000 units = 0.48. Next, divide the desired dose by the concentration: 2.4 million units / 0.48 = 5 mL. Since the instructions state to dilute with 8 mL of sterile water, the total volume will be 13 mL. To find the volume of the powder to draw up, subtract the water volume from the total volume: 13 mL - 8 mL = 5 mL. Therefore, the nurse should draw up 5 mL of the reconstituted solution, which is equivalent to 3.8 mL of powder for injection. Incorrect choices: A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the dilution factor of adding sterile water to the powder for injection. Option A is less than the

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: An improvement of the weakness. Edrophonium is a short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor that helps differentiate between myasthenic and cholinergic crises in myasthenia gravis. In cholinergic crisis, there is an overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors leading to excessive acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness. Administering edrophonium will temporarily improve muscle weakness in cholinergic crisis due to the increased availability of acetylcholine. The other choices are incorrect because: A: No change suggests the client is not in cholinergic crisis. C: Complaints of muscle spasms are more indicative of myasthenic crisis. D: A temporary worsening of the condition is not expected in cholinergic crisis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it is important for the nurse to communicate directly with the patient, especially when the patient is alert and oriented. Speaking only to the patient's daughter may undermine the patient's autonomy and dignity. It is crucial for the nurse to establish rapport and build a therapeutic relationship with the patient. Making eye contact with the patient (choice A) is a good nonverbal communication technique. Leaning forward while talking with the patient (choice C) shows attentiveness and engagement. Nodding periodically while the patient is speaking (choice D) demonstrates active listening and encourages the patient to continue sharing. However, speaking only to the patient's daughter (choice B) is the incorrect choice as it neglects the patient's role in the conversation and may lead to potential issues in communication and patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Report sudden onset of acute pain. This is the highest priority because sudden onset of acute pain postoperatively can indicate a serious complication such as hemorrhage or infection. Prompt reporting allows for timely intervention to prevent further complications. A: Do not leave the patient unattended at any time - While important for safety, it is not the highest priority compared to addressing sudden onset of acute pain. B: Teach the patient not to bend over - Important for preventing complications postoperatively, but not as urgent as addressing sudden onset of acute pain. D: Apply sandbags to either side of the head - This intervention is not typically indicated for postoperative eye patients and would not address the potential serious complication of sudden onset of acute pain.