Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Test Bank Free

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because morphine helps in acute pulmonary edema by decreasing peripheral resistance, pulmonary capillary pressure, and transudation of fluid. Morphine causes vasodilation, reducing peripheral resistance, which helps redistribute blood flow to the periphery. It also reduces pulmonary capillary pressure by decreasing preload and afterload, leading to decreased fluid transudation into the alveoli. Choices A, B, and C individually do not cover all the effects of morphine in acute pulmonary edema, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection at age 32. HPV infection is a well-known risk factor for cervical cancer as certain strains of HPV can lead to cellular changes in the cervix that may progress to cancer. Here's the rationale: 1. HPV is a known risk factor: HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that is strongly linked to the development of cervical cancer. 2. Age of infection: The client's history of acquiring HPV at age 32 is significant as long-standing HPV infection increases the risk of cervical cancer. 3. Other choices are not directly linked: Choices A, B, and C are not directly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. Age of sexual activity onset, spontaneous abortion, and eclampsia are not established risk factors for cervical cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Keep extremities at neutral position. This intervention promotes proper blood flow and reduces the risk of thrombophlebitis by preventing compression or restriction of blood vessels. Removing and reapplying elastic stockings (choice A) can disrupt circulation and increase the risk of thrombophlebitis. Changing the client's position (choice C) may not directly address hemostasis or thrombophlebitis. Using a flotation mattress (choice D) is not specifically focused on maintaining proper positioning of the extremities to promote circulation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because firm skin turgor indicates adequate hydration, a key goal of fluid resuscitation in diarrhea management. Firm skin turgor reflects the body's fluid balance and hydration status. When fluid resuscitation is successful, the patient's skin turgor improves due to replenished fluid levels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly assess hydration status or the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation. Passing formed stools, decrease in stool frequency, and absence of perianal burning may be positive outcomes in diarrhea management, but they do not specifically indicate successful fluid resuscitation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Right-sided heart failure leads to fluid backup in the body causing dependent pitting edema due to fluid accumulation in the lower extremities. Orthopnea and exertional dyspnea are typically seen in left-sided heart failure. Hemoptysis is associated with conditions like pulmonary embolism or lung cancer, not right-sided heart failure. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly correlates with the symptoms of right-sided heart failure.