Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C: 1. Participatory management involves nurses in decision-making, increasing job satisfaction. 2. Involving nurses in staffing decisions can lead to better scheduling and workload distribution. 3. This empowerment can improve morale and foster a sense of ownership among nurses. 4. Ultimately, participatory management enhances job satisfaction and retention. Summary: - Choice A (additional agency nurses) may address short-term staffing needs but doesn't directly improve job satisfaction. - Choice B (more part-time employees) may not address underlying issues of satisfaction and can lead to scheduling challenges. - Choice D (using float nurses) may help cover vacancies but doesn't involve nurses in decision-making or address satisfaction directly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: variance. In this scenario, the patient's extended time on the ventilator deviates from the expected clinical pathway of extubation and discharge the day after surgery. Variances are deviations from established protocols or guidelines. This situation highlights a deviation from the standard practice and requires further evaluation to understand the reasons for the delay in extubation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Patient outcome refers to the result of care received by the patient, not the deviation from the expected process. C: Goal represents the desired outcome or target to achieve, not the deviation from the pathway. D: Standard is the established protocol or guideline to follow, not the deviation from it.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Authority. Authority refers to the credibility and expertise of the source or author of the information. Without listing contact information and author credentials, the website lacks transparency regarding who is providing the information, which undermines its credibility. This can lead to potential inaccuracies or biases in the content. Objectivity (B) pertains to presenting information without bias, Usability (C) relates to how easily users can navigate and access information, and Currency (D) refers to the timeliness of the information. While these are important criteria, the missing authority undermines the overall reliability and trustworthiness of the website.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: financially supporting candidates. PACs are established to raise and spend money to support candidates for political office. They can donate funds to candidates' campaigns, run independent expenditure campaigns, and engage in other activities to influence elections. This is the primary purpose of PACs. Other choices are incorrect: B: While PACs may aim to persuade policymakers to support certain policies, their main function is to support candidates financially. C: While lobbying legislators is a common activity PACs engage in, their main purpose is to financially support candidates. D: Recommending health care policy is not the primary purpose of PACs, as their main role is to support political candidates.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C: 1. Licensure ensures RNs meet minimum standards to practice. 2. Protects the public from incompetent or unqualified nurses. 3. Ensures RNs adhere to ethical and legal standards. 4. Maintains accountability and promotes safe patient care. Summary: A: Incorrect, as licensure is not primarily about title protection. B: Incorrect, as while RNs demonstrate knowledge, licensure is broader. D: Incorrect, as enhancing recognition is not the primary goal of licensure.