Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the main argument against the PPACA in relation to religious beliefs is the mandate requiring all U.S. and legal residents to secure health insurance. This mandate conflicts with the religious beliefs of certain groups that oppose specific medical procedures like circumcision and blood transfusions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the issue of religious opposition to specific healthcare practices mandated by the PPACA. B pertains to Medicare and Medicaid plans, C relates to preventive services participation, and D refers to health practices outside Western medicine, which are not the primary concern for the opposing groups.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Middle range theory. Middle range theories are more specific and applicable to everyday nursing practice compared to grand theories, which are broad and abstract. Developmental theory focuses on human growth and behavior, not specifically nursing practice. Values theory pertains to ethical values and principles, but may not directly guide nursing practice. Therefore, middle range theory is most commonly used in present nursing practice for its practical and relevant applications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: urine drug screening. Preemployment physicals commonly include urine drug screening to ensure that job applicants are free from illegal substances. This step is crucial for workplace safety and productivity. Cholesterol screening (A) is not typically part of preemployment physicals unless specifically required by the employer. Pregnancy testing (B) is considered discriminatory and is not standard practice. Vision and hearing tests (D) may be included in preemployment physicals, but they are not as common as urine drug screening for ensuring a drug-free workplace.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: National Nurses United. This is because National Nurses United is the largest union in the United States specifically representing registered nurses. They have a strong presence in advocating for nurses' rights and providing resources for unionizing efforts. A: American Nurses Association is a professional organization, not a union. B: United American Nurses was dissolved in 2009, so it is not the largest union. D: National Labor Relations Board is a government agency overseeing labor relations, not a union representing nurses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Capital budgeting. Capital budgeting involves planning and managing significant expenditures for long-term assets like equipment and facilities. In this scenario, replacing all 50 patient beds with new beds equipped with Fall Watch electronic sensors is a major investment in a long-term asset. The nurse manager is making a strategic decision that will impact the nursing unit's operations for an extended period. Summary: A: Fiscal budgeting focuses on revenues and expenses for a specific period, not long-term asset investments. B: Labor budgeting pertains to planning and managing labor costs, not capital investments. C: Operational budgeting involves day-to-day expenses and activities, not major capital expenditures like replacing all patient beds.