Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. This leads to sodium and potassium imbalances. Low aldosterone causes sodium loss and potassium retention, resulting in sodium and potassium abnormalities. The other choices, A, B, and C, do not directly relate to Addison's disease. Calcium and phosphorus abnormalities are not typically associated with Addison's disease. Sodium and chloride, and chloride and magnesium imbalances are not primary concerns in Addison's disease. Therefore, staying alert for signs and symptoms of sodium and potassium abnormalities is crucial in managing and monitoring a client with Addison's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the patient to describe the type of reaction. This is the first action the nurse should take because it is essential to assess the severity of the latex allergy to determine the appropriate precautions and interventions. By asking the patient to describe the type of reaction, the nurse can gather crucial information to ensure patient safety. Choice A is incorrect because placing the patient in isolation is not necessary for a latex allergy. Choice C is incorrect as terminating the interview prematurely is not appropriate without gathering important information about the allergy. Choice D is incorrect because documenting the allergy is important, but assessing the type of reaction should be the initial priority.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the virus that causes genital warts. It is transmitted through sexual contact and is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Cytomegalovirus (A) does not cause genital warts. Herpes simplex virus type II (C) causes genital herpes, not warts. Human immunodeficiency virus (D) causes AIDS and weakens the immune system but does not directly cause genital warts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the patient to describe the type of reaction. This is the first action the nurse should take because it helps determine the severity of the allergy and how to best proceed with care. By understanding the specific type of reaction the patient experiences, the nurse can implement appropriate precautions and interventions to prevent any adverse reactions during the patient's stay. Choice A is incorrect because placing the patient in isolation is not necessary for a latex allergy. Choice C is incorrect as terminating the interview is premature and does not address the patient's allergy. Choice D is also incorrect as documenting the allergy is important but not the first action to take when assessing a patient's allergic reaction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, a behavior change. Urinary retention in older adults with a neurologic deficit can manifest as a behavior change, such as increased agitation, confusion, or restlessness due to discomfort from the inability to empty the bladder. Amnesia (A) is memory loss and not directly related to urinary retention. Hypertension (B) and hypotension (C) are related to blood pressure regulation and are not specific signs of urinary retention. In contrast, a behavior change (D) is a common and characteristic sign indicating urinary retention in this population.