Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "Eliminate background noise." This technique is essential for older patients as they may have age-related hearing impairments. By reducing background noise, the patient can better focus on the information being conveyed. Sitting in bright sunlight (A) may cause glare and make it difficult to read or see clearly. Speaking in a high tone (B) may be perceived as aggressive or patronizing. Using small, white-on-black printed materials (C) may be challenging for older patients with visual impairments. Thus, eliminating background noise is the most effective technique to improve learning in preoperative older patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a poultice of sodium bicarbonate and water can help neutralize the venom and reduce pain from wasp and bee bites. Sodium bicarbonate has alkaline properties that can counteract the acidic venom. Option B is incorrect as household ammonia can cause skin irritation and should not be applied to insect bites. Option C is incorrect because only option A is a safe and effective treatment for wasp and bee bites. Option D is incorrect as there is a suitable emergency treatment available.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hair loss. Radiation therapy targets fast-growing cancer cells, which can also affect healthy cells such as those in hair follicles, leading to hair loss. This adverse effect occurs commonly with radiation therapy due to its impact on rapidly dividing cells. Hair loss is a well-known side effect that clients undergoing radiation therapy are often prepared for. The other choices, B: Fatigue, C: Stomatitis, and D: Vomiting, are also potential side effects of radiation therapy, but hair loss is specifically associated with radiation treatment due to its effect on hair follicles. Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer treatment in general, stomatitis is more commonly associated with chemotherapy, and vomiting can be a side effect of radiation but is not as directly linked as hair loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas. Soap can irritate the skin and exacerbate the risk for impaired skin integrity in a client receiving radiation therapy. By avoiding soap, we minimize the risk of skin breakdown and promote skin healing. B: Applying talcum powder can actually worsen skin irritation and should be avoided. C: Wearing a lead apron is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis of risk for impaired skin integrity. D: Removing thoracic skin markings is not necessary for skin integrity and may disrupt the treatment plan.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate. This helps to reduce acid reflux symptoms associated with hiatal hernia. Caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux. Elevating legs (choice A) does not address the underlying issue. Drinking more fluids (choice B) can exacerbate symptoms by increasing stomach volume. Increasing roughage (choice C) may worsen symptoms due to increased gastric distension. By avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate, the client can effectively manage her symptoms.