Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sitting up leaning slightly forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing back into the throat, reducing the risk of choking and aspiration. It also allows for better drainage of blood out of the nose. Lying down with feet elevated (choice A) can increase blood flow to the head and worsen the nosebleed. Sitting up with neck extended (choice B) can lead to blood flowing into the throat. Lying down with a small pillow under the head (choice C) may cause blood to flow backward.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas. Soap can irritate the skin and exacerbate the risk for impaired skin integrity in a client receiving radiation therapy. By avoiding soap, we minimize the risk of skin breakdown and promote skin healing. B: Applying talcum powder can actually worsen skin irritation and should be avoided. C: Wearing a lead apron is not relevant to the nursing diagnosis of risk for impaired skin integrity. D: Removing thoracic skin markings is not necessary for skin integrity and may disrupt the treatment plan.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Stop the infusion. This is the best action because the client is likely experiencing a transfusion reaction. Stopping the infusion immediately is crucial to prevent further complications. Reporting the signs and symptoms to the healthcare provider (A) can cause a delay in addressing the reaction. While monitoring vital signs (B) and assessing respiratory status (C) are important, stopping the infusion takes precedence to ensure the client's safety and prevent a severe reaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that acts on the heart. 2. It blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and contractility. 3. Decreased heart rate and contractility result in reduced cardiac output. 4. Therefore, the correct answer is C - It decreases cardiac output. Summary: A, B, and D are incorrect because propranolol does not increase heart rate, fluid volume, or cardiac contractility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed is the correct answer because it helps to promote venous drainage, reduce cerebral edema, and decrease intracranial pressure (ICP). By positioning the patient with the head elevated, gravity assists in preventing further increases in ICP. Encouraging fluids may lead to fluid overload and exacerbate cerebral edema. Providing physical therapy and frequent repositioning may increase ICP by causing unnecessary movement and potential strain on the patient's head and neck.