Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a poultice of sodium bicarbonate and water can help neutralize the venom and reduce pain from wasp and bee bites. Sodium bicarbonate has alkaline properties that can counteract the acidic venom. Option B is incorrect as household ammonia can cause skin irritation and should not be applied to insect bites. Option C is incorrect because only option A is a safe and effective treatment for wasp and bee bites. Option D is incorrect as there is a suitable emergency treatment available.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, a behavior change. Urinary retention in older adults with a neurologic deficit can manifest as a behavior change, such as increased agitation, confusion, or restlessness due to discomfort from the inability to empty the bladder. Amnesia (A) is memory loss and not directly related to urinary retention. Hypertension (B) and hypotension (C) are related to blood pressure regulation and are not specific signs of urinary retention. In contrast, a behavior change (D) is a common and characteristic sign indicating urinary retention in this population.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate. This helps to reduce acid reflux symptoms associated with hiatal hernia. Caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux. Elevating legs (choice A) does not address the underlying issue. Drinking more fluids (choice B) can exacerbate symptoms by increasing stomach volume. Increasing roughage (choice C) may worsen symptoms due to increased gastric distension. By avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate, the client can effectively manage her symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Observe the patient for bleeding. Before a bone marrow biopsy, it is crucial to monitor the patient for bleeding tendencies as the procedure can cause bleeding. This step ensures early detection and prompt intervention if bleeding occurs. Explanation for other choices: A: Explaining the procedure to the family is important for informed consent but not the most crucial before the procedure. C: Administering an analgesic may be necessary for pain management but monitoring for bleeding takes precedence. D: Draping the biopsy site is important for maintaining a sterile field but does not directly impact patient safety like monitoring for bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asymmetry. The ABCD method is a mnemonic used for assessing skin lesions for possible skin cancer. The A in ABCD stands for Asymmetry, indicating that the lesion is not symmetrical in shape or color. Skin cancers often exhibit asymmetrical features. Actinic (Choice A) refers to sun damage, Arcus (Choice B) is a term related to the eye, and Assessment (Choice D) is a general term that does not specifically relate to skin lesion evaluation. By focusing on asymmetry, healthcare providers can identify potential skin cancer lesions early for further evaluation and treatment.