Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asymmetry. The ABCD method is a mnemonic used for assessing skin lesions for possible skin cancer. The A in ABCD stands for Asymmetry, indicating that the lesion is not symmetrical in shape or color. Skin cancers often exhibit asymmetrical features. Actinic (Choice A) refers to sun damage, Arcus (Choice B) is a term related to the eye, and Assessment (Choice D) is a general term that does not specifically relate to skin lesion evaluation. By focusing on asymmetry, healthcare providers can identify potential skin cancer lesions early for further evaluation and treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sitting up leaning slightly forward. This position helps prevent blood from flowing back into the throat, reducing the risk of choking and aspiration. It also allows for better drainage of blood out of the nose. Lying down with feet elevated (choice A) can increase blood flow to the head and worsen the nosebleed. Sitting up with neck extended (choice B) can lead to blood flowing into the throat. Lying down with a small pillow under the head (choice C) may cause blood to flow backward.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Human, T-cell lymphotrophic virus, as it is the causative agent for HIV/AIDS. This virus specifically targets and infects the body's T-cells, weakening the immune system. Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, and Chlamydia trachomatis are all different pathogens that do not cause HIV/AIDS. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, Treponema pallidum causes syphilis, and Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydia. Therefore, the correct answer is C based on the specific viral agent responsible for HIV/AIDS.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and understand speech. In this case, Mr. Dela Isla's difficulty in comprehending what the nurse was saying indicates a problem with language processing, which aligns with the symptoms of aphasia. Insomnia (A) is a sleep disorder, not related to language comprehension. Agnosia (B) is a perception disorder where someone cannot recognize objects or people, not related to language. Apraxia (C) is a motor disorder affecting the ability to perform purposeful movements, not related to language comprehension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "Eliminate background noise." This technique is essential for older patients as they may have age-related hearing impairments. By reducing background noise, the patient can better focus on the information being conveyed. Sitting in bright sunlight (A) may cause glare and make it difficult to read or see clearly. Speaking in a high tone (B) may be perceived as aggressive or patronizing. Using small, white-on-black printed materials (C) may be challenging for older patients with visual impairments. Thus, eliminating background noise is the most effective technique to improve learning in preoperative older patients.