Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypocortisolism. After a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, the pituitary gland is removed or partially removed, leading to decreased cortisol production. Signs of hypocortisolism include weakness, fatigue, hypotension, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. Hyperglycemia (B) is not typically associated with this procedure. Hypoglycemia (C) is not a common concern post-hypophysectomy. Hypercalcemia (D) is not directly related to pituitary gland removal. Therefore, assessing for hypocortisolism is crucial for early detection and management post-surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The nurse should clarify discrepancies of assessment data with the client to ensure accurate information. 2. The client's denial of breathing problems conflicts with physical signs, indicating a potential lack of awareness or reluctance to disclose symptoms. 3. By clarifying with the client, the nurse can address any misunderstandings or encourage honest communication. 4. This approach promotes client-centered care and ensures a comprehensive understanding of the client's health status. Summary: - Choice A is correct as it addresses the need to clarify discrepancies with the client for accurate assessment. - Choice B is incorrect as validation with the healthcare team may not provide insight into the client's perception. - Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the need to resolve conflicting assessment data. - Choice D is incorrect as family input may not provide accurate information if the client denies symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will press the button whenever I feel pain." This answer demonstrates understanding of how patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) works, where the client self-administers medication when needed for pain relief. Option A is incorrect as the machine is programmed with lockout intervals to prevent overdosing. Option C is incorrect as the client should only press the button when experiencing pain, not on a fixed schedule. Option D is incorrect as PCA does not guarantee complete pain elimination. The key in PCA is empowering the client to self-administer medication based on their pain level.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: avoid caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate. This helps to reduce acid reflux symptoms associated with hiatal hernia. Caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased reflux. Elevating legs (choice A) does not address the underlying issue. Drinking more fluids (choice B) can exacerbate symptoms by increasing stomach volume. Increasing roughage (choice C) may worsen symptoms due to increased gastric distension. By avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and chocolate, the client can effectively manage her symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinical pathways. Clinical pathways are standardized, evidence-based interdisciplinary plans of care used in case management to guide the treatment and management of clients. They outline the expected course of treatment, interventions, and outcomes for specific health conditions. Kardex care plans (A) are outdated paper-based patient information systems, not specifically for interdisciplinary care plans. Computerized plans of care (B) may refer to electronic health records but do not necessarily imply standardized interdisciplinary plans. Student care plans (D) are educational tools for students and not typically used in case management for clients.