Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: - A: Diuretics are not necessary before the test and may affect test results. - B: Dehydration is not recommended before the test as it can impact cardiac function. - C: Medication to relieve cough is necessary to reduce any potential interference with the scan. - D: Administering analgesics is not required for the test and may not be relevant to the client's condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smoking. Smoking presents the greatest threat for respiratory disease due to the harmful chemicals in tobacco that can damage the lungs and lead to conditions like COPD and lung cancer. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for various respiratory issues. Exposure to radiation (B) can increase cancer risk but is not as directly linked to respiratory diseases. High-fat diet (C) may impact overall health but is not a primary risk factor for respiratory diseases. Alcohol consumption (D) can contribute to respiratory issues, but smoking is considered the most significant risk factor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (AB). AB blood type is the rarest because it is a result of inheriting both A and B alleles, making it less common in the population. AB individuals can only receive blood from other AB individuals due to their unique antigens. Blood types A, B, and O are more common in the population, with O being the most common as it is the universal donor. Blood type A and B are more common than AB since they only require one allele for their respective antigens. Thus, the rarity of AB blood type is due to the inheritance of both A and B alleles, making it the least common among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C being correct: 1. Restlessness: Indicates increased work of breathing and hypoxia. 2. Suprasternal retractions: Sign of respiratory distress. 3. paO2 of 62: Indicates severe hypoxemia, common in ARDS. Summary: A: Enlarged heart on x-ray does not directly indicate ARDS. B: Thick green sputum suggests infection, not specific to ARDS. D: Wheezes and slow respirations are not typical of ARDS, and pCO2 is normal in ARDS.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ask the patient to describe the type of reaction. This is the first action the nurse should take because it helps determine the severity of the allergy and how to best proceed with care. By understanding the specific type of reaction the patient experiences, the nurse can implement appropriate precautions and interventions to prevent any adverse reactions during the patient's stay. Choice A is incorrect because placing the patient in isolation is not necessary for a latex allergy. Choice C is incorrect as terminating the interview is premature and does not address the patient's allergy. Choice D is also incorrect as documenting the allergy is important but not the first action to take when assessing a patient's allergic reaction.