Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The right ventricle is the only chamber of the heart that can be assessed by palpation during a cardiac examination. The right ventricle is located close to the sternum on the anterior chest wall, making it accessible for palpation. By palpating the area near the lower left sternal border, just beside the sternum, a healthcare provider can assess the size and function of the right ventricle. It is important to note that the other chambers of the heart (left atrium and right atrium) are not typically assessed by palpation due to their deeper location within the chest cavity. The sinus node, which is responsible for generating the heart's electrical impulses, is also not directly palpable during a cardiac examination.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A subconjunctival hemorrhage is a common and benign condition characterized by blood in the space between the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. The condition often presents as a painless, sharply demarcated area of redness on the white part of the eye, typically without associated discharge or visual disturbances. In this case, the absence of eye pain, discharge, visual disturbances, and clear cornea make subconjunctival hemorrhage the most likely diagnosis. The history of forceful coughing with a recent cold is also consistent with the increased intraocular pressure leading to a rupture of a small blood vessel, resulting in the hemorrhage. Treatment is not usually required as the condition is self-limiting and resolves on its own over time.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leaning forward in the upright position increases venous return and systemic vascular resistance, which can help accentuate the intensity of aortic regurgitation murmur. This position helps to bring the heart closer to the chest wall, making the murmur easier to auscultate and potentially increasing its intensity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The clinical presentation described in the scenario is classic for bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. Key features of BV include a thin gray-white discharge with a fishy odor, which typically worsens after sexual intercourse and during menstruation. The discharge characteristically has a pH over 4.5, and the presence of clue cells on wet prep is diagnostic. Clue cells are vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria, giving them a stippled appearance when viewed under the microscope. These features are consistent with the findings in this patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prostate cancer is more prevalent in certain ethnic groups, with African-American men having the highest risk of developing prostate cancer compared to men of other ethnicities. Additionally, men of Caribbean and West African descent also have an increased risk compared to men of Asian descent. This indicates that ethnicity plays a role in the risk of developing prostate cancer.