Endocrinology Practice Questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bitemporal Hemianopsia. Pituitary adenomas can compress the optic chiasm, leading to bitemporal hemianopsia. This occurs due to the loss of peripheral vision on both sides. Carpo-pedal spasm (A) is associated with hypocalcemia, Chvostek's sign (C) is a facial spasm seen in hypocalcemia, and tremor (D) can be seen in conditions such as Parkinson's disease, but they are not specific to pituitary adenoma. Bitemporal hemianopsia is a classic sign of pituitary adenoma due to its location near the optic chiasm.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stress. Stress triggers the release of growth hormone through the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. When the body is under stress, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release growth hormone. This hormone then stimulates growth and cell reproduction. Glucocorticoids (A) and somatostatin (B) actually inhibit the release of growth hormone. Obesity (D) can lead to decreased growth hormone release due to disrupted hormonal regulation. In summary, stress is the correct answer as it directly stimulates the release of growth hormone, while the other choices inhibit or have a negative impact on growth hormone release.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ductless. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts. This allows hormones to reach target organs throughout the body. Choice A (vascular) is incorrect because it refers to the presence of blood vessels, which is common in all glands, not just endocrine glands. Choice C (square) is irrelevant as the shape of glands does not determine their function. Choice D (autonomous) is incorrect as it does not accurately describe endocrine glands; while they function independently, the term "autonomous" does not specifically apply to them.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sertoli cells are responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin (ABG). They play a crucial role in supporting spermatogenesis by providing structural and nutritional support to developing sperm cells. ABG helps in the transport of testosterone and other androgens within the seminiferous tubules, aiding in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Testosterone is primarily produced by Leydig cells in the testes, not by Sertoli cells, making option A incorrect. Option B, Oestrogen, is mainly synthesized in the ovaries, while Sertoli cells do not produce GnRH (option D), which is secreted by the hypothalamus. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as Sertoli cells are primarily responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bi-temporal hemianopia. Pituitary adenoma compressing the optic chiasm typically leads to bi-temporal hemianopia due to compression of the crossing fibers from the nasal visual fields. This results in loss of peripheral vision in both temporal visual fields. A: Bilateral inferior visual field deficits and B: Bilateral superior visual field deficits are less likely as they are not typical patterns associated with optic chiasm compression. D: Right homonymous hemianopia is incorrect as it is not associated with compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary adenoma.