Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: State. State governments are responsible for enforcing health policies such as certificates of inspection within their own jurisdiction. They have the authority to regulate and monitor health standards at the state level. Local governments (A) typically focus on implementing policies within their specific region, while federal governments (C) oversee broader health policies that apply across the entire country. International (D) level does not have jurisdiction over local health policies. Therefore, the state level is the most appropriate answer for enforcing a certificate of inspection in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: planning. Setting goals in collaboration with other healthcare team members falls under the planning phase of the nursing process. During this phase, nurses work with the healthcare team to establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for patient care. This involves identifying priorities, outlining interventions, and determining the expected outcomes. Collaboration with the healthcare team ensures that goals are comprehensive and align with the overall care plan. Incorrect Choices: A: Assessment - Assessment involves collecting and analyzing data to identify the patient's needs and problems. Setting goals is not part of the assessment phase. C: Analysis - Analysis involves interpreting data and identifying patterns or relationships. Setting goals is more focused on planning and identifying interventions. D: Implementation - Implementation involves carrying out the planned interventions to achieve the established goals. Setting goals precedes the implementation phase.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because efforts to reduce healthcare expenditures do not necessarily impact the need for RNs, which remains stable. This is supported by the ongoing demand for nurses in various healthcare settings. Choice A is incorrect as the demand for RNs is generally high. Choice B is incorrect because job availability depends on various factors beyond just the location of the hospital. Choice D is incorrect as the need for nurses in acute care hospitals remains significant despite the shift towards outpatient and ambulatory settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: durable power of attorney. This legal document grants authority to another person, known as the healthcare proxy or agent, to make medical decisions on behalf of the client when they are unable to do so themselves. This is essential for ensuring that the client's wishes are respected and that appropriate medical care is provided. A: A living will is a document that outlines a person's preferences for medical treatment in case they become incapacitated, but it does not appoint someone to make decisions on their behalf. C: Informed consent is the process of ensuring that a patient understands the risks and benefits of a medical treatment before giving consent, but it does not authorize someone to make decisions on their behalf. D: Immunity refers to protection from legal liability and is not relevant to authorizing someone to make medical decisions for a client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Controlling. Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to objectives, and taking corrective actions. In this scenario, the manager is reviewing unexpected expenditures and quality indicators to ensure they align with goals and standards. Directing focuses on guiding and motivating employees. Planning involves setting goals and determining actions to achieve them. Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks.