Giddens Concepts for Nursing Practice Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Indomethacin is a medication commonly used to treat patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants. PDA is a condition where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, fails to close after birth. Indomethacin works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which helps to promote closure of the ductus arteriosus. This medication is often used in premature infants with PDA to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for different conditions, antibiotics are used to treat infections, and Prostaglandin E1 is used to maintain ductal patency in certain cardiac conditions where closure is not desired.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Following surgery, a patient not voiding for 12 hours raises concerns for urinary retention, especially if the patient was catheterized during the surgical procedure. With urinary retention, the bladder can become distended and palpating for bladder distention can help determine if the patient is experiencing this issue. If the bladder is distended, interventions may be needed to address the urinary retention to prevent complications such as urinary tract infection or bladder distention-related discomfort. The other assessment options (percuting for gastric tympany, auscultating for bowel sounds, inspecting for edema of the urethra) are not as relevant in assessing a patient's urinary status post-surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: 1. Fall prevention: One of the common risks for older clients is falling, which can lead to serious injuries. Educating caregivers on fall prevention strategies can help them create a safe environment for their clients and reduce the risk of falls.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Given the client's history of type II diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, and recent myocardial infarction, the most likely type of shock for the nurse to be prepared to treat in this client is cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to inadequate perfusion of vital organs. This can be a complication of myocardial infarction, as damage to the heart muscle can impair its ability to pump blood effectively. Patients with a history of diabetes and hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, which can lead to cardiogenic shock. Symptoms of cardiogenic shock include hypotension, tachycardia, cool and clammy skin, and altered mental status. Treatment may involve medications to support cardiac function, such as inotropes, and interventions to improve oxygen delivery, such as oxygen therapy and fluid administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Placing the client on the left side and protecting the airway is the most appropriate intervention to protect the client and the fetus from injury during a seizure. This position helps to prevent aspiration of vomitus and maintains an open airway. Placing the client on the left side also enhances maternal and fetal perfusion by reducing pressure on the vena cava, improving blood flow to the placenta, and decreasing the risk of supine hypotensive syndrome. Elevating the client's legs (Option A) and placing the client in the supine position (Option C) are contraindicated as they may worsen the client's condition in the context of preeclampsia and seizure activity. Elevating the head of the bed (Option D) does not address the immediate need to protect the airway and maintain proper positioning during a seizure.