Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inform the physician immediately. This is important because finding a lump in the breast could be a sign of breast cancer, so prompt medical evaluation is crucial. Checking after the next menstrual cycle (B) may delay diagnosis and treatment. Squeezing the nipple (C) can cause harm and is not a reliable method for assessing a lump. Using a heating pad (D) is not recommended as it may mask symptoms and delay proper evaluation. Early detection and intervention are key in improving outcomes for breast cancer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IV is the route of choice for rapid administration. IV route allows for quick onset of action, crucial in acutely fluid-overloaded patients needing immediate diuresis. Option A is incorrect as furosemide can be given orally too. Option C is less relevant in this urgent situation where speed is key. Option D is also incorrect as the side effects are not determined by route of administration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient correctly stating names of family members in the room indicates improved cognitive function and memory recall, which are positive signs of progress in resolving confusion. This demonstrates improved orientation and ability to recognize familiar individuals. Choices A and B indicate safety concerns and risk of falls, which are not related to resolving confusion. Choice C indicates pain management and mobility but does not directly reflect improvement in cognitive status.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (Downward) because it helps to maintain a clear airway for effective mouth-to-mouth respiration. By holding the victim's chin downward, you can ensure proper alignment of the airway, allowing the tongue to fall forward and prevent obstruction. Holding the chin forward (Choice A) may cause the airway to close, holding it backward (Choice B) may strain the neck, and holding it sideward (Choice C) may not provide optimal airway alignment. Holding the chin downward is the most effective and safe method for providing mouth-to-mouth respiration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assess apical heart before administering digitalis. This is important because digitalis can slow down the heart rate, so it is crucial to monitor the client's heart rate before giving the medication to prevent further decrease in cardiac output. Encouraging activities that engage the Valsalva maneuver (A) is contraindicated in clients with congestive heart failure as it can lead to increased intra-thoracic pressure and decreased venous return, worsening cardiac output. Encouraging the client to perform exercises (B) may also increase cardiac workload and exacerbate symptoms. Offering small frequent feedings (D) is generally beneficial for clients with congestive heart failure to prevent overeating and promote easier digestion, but it does not directly address the decreased cardiac output concern in this scenario.