Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because antimetabolites interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids (RNA and/or DNA), affecting multiple stages of RNA and DNA synthesis. This disruption hinders cell division and leads to cell death. Choices A and B are incorrect because antimetabolites do not specifically target cell division during the M phase or normal cellular processes during the S phase. Choice C is also incorrect because antimetabolites primarily target nucleic acid synthesis rather than altering the chemical structure of DNA or the binding between DNA molecules.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: �Rotate injection sites within the same anatomic region, not among different regions.� This instruction is important to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent insulin absorption. Rotating sites within the same region helps maintain consistent insulin absorption rates and reduces the risk of developing scar tissue or fatty deposits. Injecting into healthy tissue with large blood vessels and nerves (choice A) can lead to inconsistent absorption. Administering insulin into areas of scar tissue or hypotrophy (choice C) can also disrupt absorption. Injecting into sites above muscles planned for exercise (choice D) can lead to unpredictable insulin absorption. Rotation within the same region optimizes insulin delivery and prevents complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking about the frequency of bowel movements is crucial in assessing diarrhea, a common symptom. This information helps determine the severity and duration of the condition, guiding the nurse in identifying potential causes and appropriate interventions. Choice A focuses on the cause of upset stomach, not specifically diarrhea. Choice C is more related to incontinence rather than diarrhea. Choice D is important but not directly related to establishing a nursing diagnosis for diarrhea. Therefore, Choice B is the most appropriate question to assist in accurately assessing and diagnosing diarrhea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: An improvement of the weakness. Edrophonium is a short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor that helps differentiate between myasthenic and cholinergic crises in myasthenia gravis. In cholinergic crisis, there is an overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors leading to excessive acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness. Administering edrophonium will temporarily improve muscle weakness in cholinergic crisis due to the increased availability of acetylcholine. The other choices are incorrect because: A: No change suggests the client is not in cholinergic crisis. C: Complaints of muscle spasms are more indicative of myasthenic crisis. D: A temporary worsening of the condition is not expected in cholinergic crisis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 3.8 mL. To calculate the volume needed, first determine the concentration of the solution after reconstitution: 2.4 million units / 5,000,000 units = 0.48. Next, divide the desired dose by the concentration: 2.4 million units / 0.48 = 5 mL. Since the instructions state to dilute with 8 mL of sterile water, the total volume will be 13 mL. To find the volume of the powder to draw up, subtract the water volume from the total volume: 13 mL - 8 mL = 5 mL. Therefore, the nurse should draw up 5 mL of the reconstituted solution, which is equivalent to 3.8 mL of powder for injection. Incorrect choices: A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the dilution factor of adding sterile water to the powder for injection. Option A is less than the