Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because prioritizing care based on the greatest chance of survival maximizes the number of lives saved in a mass casualty incident. This approach follows the principle of triage, which aims to allocate resources efficiently. Choice A is incorrect as it pertains to coordination rather than immediate patient care. Choice B is incorrect as it is not the primary role of nurses during a mass casualty incident. Choice C is incorrect as determining a credible threat is the responsibility of security and law enforcement, not nurses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because feedback is an essential component of the communication process. Feedback allows the receiver to respond to the sender, indicating understanding or seeking clarification. This two-way interaction is crucial for effective communication. In contrast, choice A is incorrect as communication components are interdependent, not mutually exclusive. Choice B is also incorrect as communication is often non-linear and involves feedback loops. Choice C is incorrect because communication involves various elements beyond just the sender and the receiver, such as context, message, and noise.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: autonomy. Autonomy refers to respecting the right of individuals to make their own decisions about their healthcare. In this scenario, the family's request to honor the terminally ill mother's advance directives aligns with the principle of autonomy as it acknowledges her right to make decisions about her own care. Accountability (A) pertains to taking responsibility for one's actions, nonmaleficence (C) involves avoiding harm, and veracity (D) refers to truthfulness. While these principles are important in healthcare, in this specific case, autonomy takes precedence as it respects the patient's wishes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transformational. This nurse manager is focused on creating a positive work environment, encouraging innovation, empowering staff, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate followers to achieve high levels of performance by emphasizing shared vision, personal growth, and values. This nurse manager's approach aligns with the characteristics of a transformational leader. Incorrect Choices: B: Transactional leaders focus on rewards, punishments, and exchanges with followers based on performance. This nurse manager's approach goes beyond transactional interactions. C: Laissez-faire leaders are hands-off and provide little guidance or direction. This nurse manager is actively involved in guiding and supporting staff. D: Authoritative leaders make decisions independently and expect followers to follow orders. This nurse manager encourages staff involvement and input in decision-making processes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). ANCC is the primary organization responsible for certifying advanced practice nurses in specialized areas. They provide information on requirements for practice, certification exams, and continuing education. ANA (A) focuses on promoting the profession of nursing. NLN (B) focuses on nursing education. NCSBN (D) oversees the state boards of nursing and does not specifically provide information on requirements for practice in specialized areas.