Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because knowing the intensity of care needed by patients based on physical and psychosocial factors is essential to determine appropriate staffing levels. Understanding patient needs ensures adequate staff allocation for quality care delivery. Examining staff education (B) and skill level (C) is important but comes after assessing patient needs. Reviewing the budget (D) is necessary but should not be the first step in staffing planning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because acupuncture is indeed based on the belief that meridians, energy pathways in the body, are vital for life and when they are out of balance, pain occurs. Acupuncture aims to restore the balance of these meridians to alleviate pain. Explanation: 1. Acupuncture theory is rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which emphasizes the flow of energy (Qi) along meridians. 2. By inserting needles at specific points along the meridians, acupuncturists aim to restore the balance of Qi and alleviate pain. 3. Meridian theory is fundamental to the practice of acupuncture and differentiates it from other pain relief modalities. 4. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the core principles of acupuncture and how it works. Summary: Option A is correct because it aligns with the foundational principles of acupuncture, focusing on meridians and energy balance. Options B, C, and D are

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). In an HMO, services are typically provided by a primary care physician who acts as a gatekeeper for all medical services, including referrals to specialists and diagnostic tests like mammograms. The primary care physician must authorize and order these services for them to be covered by the insurance plan. This system helps control costs and ensures coordinated care. A: Fee for Service does not require a primary care physician to authorize referrals or services. C: PPO allows patients to see out-of-network providers without referrals. D: POS plans offer more flexibility in choosing healthcare providers without requiring a primary care physician's referral.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because lacking consistent providers is a common issue among the poor utilizing Medicaid. This impacts continuity of care, leading to fragmented health services and poor health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as Medicaid does provide some level of access to healthcare. Choice B is incorrect as unnecessary treatments are not a common issue among the poor on Medicaid. Choice D is incorrect as preventive services are underutilized rather than abused by the poor on Medicaid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: altruism. Altruism is the selfless concern for the wellbeing of others, which is demonstrated by the staff members helping the patient in need without hesitation. In this scenario, the staff members are putting the patient's needs above their own, showing compassion and empathy. This aligns with the principle of altruism in nursing, where caregivers prioritize the welfare of their patients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty. While these are important traits in nursing, they are not the focus of the staff members' actions in this scenario. C: Autonomy is the right of individuals to make decisions about their own care. In this situation, the patient is not exercising autonomy, but rather relying on the staff for assistance. D: Whistle-blowing involves reporting unethical or illegal behavior within an organization. There is no indication of any wrongdoing that would require whistle-blowing in this scenario.