Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: randomization. Randomization helps ensure improved generalizability by reducing bias and increasing the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population. In this scenario, choosing every third person from an alphabetical list introduces a systematic bias and may not represent the entire population accurately. Triangulation involves using multiple methods or data sources to validate findings, which is not applicable here. Informed consent is a necessary ethical consideration but does not directly impact generalizability. A meta-analysis approach involves combining and analyzing data from multiple studies, which is not relevant to the sampling method in this scenario. Thus, randomization is the best choice to improve generalizability in this study.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates a proactive and thoughtful approach to decision-making. By stopping to consider the request and assessing its safety implications before accepting it based on patient acuity levels, the novice nurse is prioritizing patient safety and her own capabilities. This strategy helps her cope with the transition into practice by promoting critical thinking and confidence in her decision-making skills. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: B: Refusing to eat anywhere but the hospital cafeteria may lead to social isolation and restrict the novice nurse's ability to engage with others outside of work. C: Ignoring coworkers' problems or staffing ideas can create a negative work environment and hinder teamwork, potentially increasing stress levels for the novice nurse. D: Focusing on winning over hostile coworkers may detract from the novice nurse's professional growth and cause unnecessary stress from seeking validation from others.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: patient-centered care. Patient-centered care involves respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. In this scenario, the nurse and dietitian are adjusting the patient's meals to accommodate cultural practices, showing a commitment to providing care that is respectful and responsive to the patient's cultural beliefs. This approach promotes better patient outcomes and satisfaction. Summary of incorrect choices: A: a sentinel event - This refers to a serious, preventable adverse event, which does not apply in this situation. B: an adverse event - This typically refers to harm caused by medical care, which is not the case here. D: the communication technique of "call-out" - This refers to a technique used in healthcare to alert team members to unsafe situations, which is not relevant to the scenario provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because master's programs, like the one for clinical nurse leaders, indeed provide entry into practice with a focus on interdisciplinary and bedside nursing care for complex client populations. This choice stands out as it specifically addresses the advanced level of education and specialization required for handling complex cases. Choice A is incorrect because diploma programs typically focus on basic nursing skills rather than specialization in complex client populations. Choice B is incorrect as most practicing RNs nowadays graduate from associate's or bachelor's degree programs, not diploma programs. Choice C is incorrect because baccalaureate programs emphasize a broader education including leadership, research, and critical thinking skills rather than just technical and hands-on nursing skills.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge. This is a key clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients as aspirin is a standard treatment to prevent further cardiac events. It is crucial for patient safety and adherence to national guidelines. Choice B is incorrect as patient teaching on smoking cessation, although important, is not a direct clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients. Choice C is incorrect as beta blocker administration upon arrival is important for heart attack patients, but it is not specific to evaluating the hospital's care compared to national standards. Choice D is incorrect as employer support for stress modification is not a clinical indicator relevant to evaluating care of heart attack patients.