Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because administration of the diuretic furosemide without saline is not recommended for managing hypercalcemia. Furosemide can lead to volume depletion and potentially exacerbate hypercalcemia by concentrating calcium levels in the blood. A: Fluid administration helps dilute calcium levels by increasing urine output. C: Inorganic phosphate salts can bind with calcium in the gut, reducing absorption. D: Intravenous phosphate therapy can help lower calcium levels by promoting calcium-phosphate complex formation. In summary, B is incorrect as it may worsen hypercalcemia, while A, C, and D are valid strategies for managing hypercalcemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (AB). AB blood type is the rarest because it is a result of inheriting both A and B alleles, making it less common in the population. AB individuals can only receive blood from other AB individuals due to their unique antigens. Blood types A, B, and O are more common in the population, with O being the most common as it is the universal donor. Blood type A and B are more common than AB since they only require one allele for their respective antigens. Thus, the rarity of AB blood type is due to the inheritance of both A and B alleles, making it the least common among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulmonary edema causes an increase in pressure in the pulmonary circulation, leading to an alteration in afterload due to increased resistance. It also causes fluid accumulation in the pulmonary vessels, affecting preload. Additionally, the heart may compensate by increasing contractility. Therefore, all of the above choices are altered in pulmonary edema. The incorrect choices are A, B, and C individually as they only represent one aspect of the alterations seen in pulmonary edema, while the correct answer D encompasses all three factors affected in this condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pyridoxine. Pyridoxine can reduce the effectiveness of Levodopa by converting it into dopamine before it reaches the brain, decreasing the therapeutic effects. Bromocriptine and Amantadine are actually used in combination with Levodopa to enhance its effects by different mechanisms. Choosing Amantadine as the answer is incorrect because it is listed twice in the choices and would not interfere with Levodopa's effectiveness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: I.V. administration and urinary excretion. Lomustine is typically administered intravenously, allowing for rapid systemic distribution. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys, thus the urinary route. This choice is correct as lomustine's pharmacokinetics align with this pattern. A: Oral administration and urinary - While some drugs are administered orally, lomustine is not typically given orally due to poor bioavailability. C: I.V. administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect. D: Oral administration and fecal excretion - Lomustine is not primarily excreted via the feces, making this choice incorrect.