Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because institutional review boards (IRBs) are responsible for ensuring that research studies involving human subjects do not cause harm. IRBs evaluate the potential risks and benefits of the study to protect participants' rights and well-being. Choice A is incorrect because publication is not within the primary scope of IRBs. Choice B is incorrect as adding to nursing knowledge is not the main focus of IRBs. Choice D is also incorrect as funding approval is typically handled by separate entities and is not the primary role of IRBs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Middle range theory. Middle range theories are more specific and applicable to everyday nursing practice compared to grand theories, which are broad and abstract. Developmental theory focuses on human growth and behavior, not specifically nursing practice. Values theory pertains to ethical values and principles, but may not directly guide nursing practice. Therefore, middle range theory is most commonly used in present nursing practice for its practical and relevant applications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: National Nurses United. This is because National Nurses United is the largest union in the United States specifically representing registered nurses. They have a strong presence in advocating for nurses' rights and providing resources for unionizing efforts. A: American Nurses Association is a professional organization, not a union. B: United American Nurses was dissolved in 2009, so it is not the largest union. D: National Labor Relations Board is a government agency overseeing labor relations, not a union representing nurses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the legislative branch determines which laws are constitutional by passing or rejecting proposed legislation. In the case of the PPACA, the legislative branch, specifically the Congress, passed the law. The Supreme Court's role is to interpret the constitutionality of laws (not determine which laws are constitutional), as seen in the case where the PPACA was upheld as a form of taxation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B is incorrect because while the legislative branch appropriates funds, the actual allocation of federal dollars is determined through the budget process, not solely by the legislative branch. C is incorrect because the executive branch, not the legislative branch, consists of the President and executive departments that implement laws like the PPACA. D is incorrect because the legislative branch can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote, not vice versa. The President does not have the power to veto laws found constitutional by the Supreme Court.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Medical Reserve Corps (MRC). Step 1: The MRC is a community-based program of volunteers who are trained to respond to public health emergencies. Step 2: The volunteers in the scenario have completed an emergency response course and are assisting with triage and educating the public, aligning with the MRC's mission. Step 3: The MMRS focuses on responding to mass casualty incidents, not necessarily public health emergencies like tornadoes. NDMS is a federally coordinated system for medical response in disasters, not typically focused on community-based responses. CCRF is a reserve force within the U.S. Public Health Service, not specifically focused on community emergency response.