Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Policy is based on data, which provides the groundwork for decision making. This is the correct answer because the scenario describes the policy committee using statistics about patient satisfaction and recidivism rates to make recommendations for a patient education plan. By utilizing data, the committee is following the IOM 2011 message of basing decisions on evidence and information. A: Nurses achieving higher levels of education is not directly related to the scenario and the committee's decision-making process. B: The requirement of a master's degree for nurses on policy committees is not mentioned in the scenario and is not relevant to the decision-making process described. C: Comparing nurse pay to physicians' pay is not relevant to the scenario or the IOM 2011 message of using data for decision making.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: gather information. This step is essential as it allows nurses to collect data, assess the situation, and make informed decisions. Identifying the problem (A) comes after gathering information. Considering consequences (C) and implementing interventions (D) are later steps in the process once information has been gathered. Gathering information is foundational to problem-solving as it provides the necessary data to understand the situation fully and determine the appropriate course of action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because acknowledging that most tasks take longer than expected allows the nurse to allocate sufficient time and resources for effective planning. This helps in preventing delays, ensuring tasks are completed on time, and minimizing stress. Choice A is incorrect as delaying planning can lead to disorganization and inefficiency. Choice B is incorrect as rewarding oneself can be a positive reinforcement for motivation. Choice C is incorrect as excessive task rotation may hinder focus and productivity. In summary, being aware of task duration variations is crucial for effective planning in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: triangulation. Triangulation involves using multiple data sources or methods to validate findings. In this scenario, the nurse is using both survey data and telephone interviews to gain a comprehensive understanding of the elderly persons' health status. This method enhances the study's credibility and reliability by cross-verifying information. A: A control group is not relevant in this context as it involves comparing an intervention group with a control group to assess the impact of an intervention. C: A pilot study is a small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a larger study. It is not the appropriate description for using multiple data sources. D: Secondary data analysis involves analyzing existing data collected by someone else. It is not applicable in this case where the researcher is collecting primary data through surveys and interviews.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: paternalism. Paternalism occurs when a physician overrides a patient's autonomy in favor of what they believe is best for the patient. In this scenario, the physician is not respecting the client's wishes and is making decisions based on their own judgment, which is characteristic of paternalism. Autonomy (A) refers to respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions. Beneficence (B) is the principle of doing good for the patient, but in this case, it is being overshadowed by the physician's paternalistic approach. Justice (C) refers to fairness in healthcare distribution, which is not applicable in this context.