foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Demographic changes in the population. This is because as the population ages, there is a higher prevalence of chronic illnesses and an increased number of people facing end-of-life care needs. This has led to a greater demand for palliative and hospice care services, shifting the focus of nursing towards providing care for the dying. A: Increased incidence of infections and acute illnesses is not the primary factor contributing to the increased focus on care for the dying. While these conditions do require nursing care, they do not directly explain the shift in focus. B: Increased focus of health care providers on disease prevention is important but does not directly explain the increased attention on care for the dying. Disease prevention aims to reduce the incidence of illnesses, not necessarily address end-of-life care needs. C: Larger numbers of people dying in hospital settings may be a consequence of the increased focus on care for the dying, but it is not the underlying phenomenon driving the shift in nursing care towards end-of

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The patient can be anxious, making it difficult for abdominal and perineal muscles to relax enough to void. Rationale: Anxiety can lead to tension in the abdominal and perineal muscles, inhibiting the ability to relax and urinate. The sympathetic nervous system response to anxiety can cause urinary retention. So, the patient's frustration in voiding in front of the nurse may be due to anxiety hindering muscle relaxation. Summary of other choices: B: The patient not recognizing physiological signals is less likely as the patient requested assistance to void, indicating awareness of the need to urinate. C: The patient being lonely and seeking attention is not relevant to the inability to void in front of the nurse. D: Inadequate fluid intake may contribute to decreased urine output but is not directly related to the inability to void in front of the nurse.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Emotional and personality changes. In Huntington disease, neurodegeneration affects the brain, leading to changes in behavior, emotions, and personality. These changes are characteristic of the disease progression. Metastasis (A) refers to the spread of cancer, which is not associated with Huntington disease. Risk for stroke (B) is not a typical manifestation of Huntington disease. Pathologic bone fractures (D) are not directly related to the primary symptoms of Huntington disease. Thus, addressing emotional and personality changes is crucial in providing anticipatory guidance for individuals with Huntington disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange Related to Airway Obstruction. This should be prioritized because hereditary angioedema can lead to swelling in the airway, potentially causing respiratory distress and compromising gas exchange. This nursing diagnosis addresses the immediate threat to the patient's respiratory function. A: Risk for Infection Related to Skin Sloughing - While skin sloughing can occur with hereditary angioedema, it is not the priority over ensuring adequate gas exchange. B: Risk for Acute Pain Related to Loss of Skin Integrity - Pain management is important, but addressing airway obstruction takes precedence due to the potential for respiratory compromise. C: Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity Related to Cutaneous Lesions - Skin integrity issues may be present but do not pose as immediate a threat as airway obstruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obtaining a midstream urine specimen. This task is within the scope of practice for nursing assistive personnel as it involves collecting a specimen, which is a routine and non-invasive procedure. Nursing assistive personnel are trained to perform basic tasks like specimen collection. Choices B, C, and D involve more complex skills and procedures that require specialized training and knowledge, which are typically performed by licensed nurses. Interpreting bladder scan results (B), inserting a straight catheter (C), and irrigating a catheter (D) all require a higher level of expertise and assessment that nursing assistive personnel are not qualified to do.