foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stapes. Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear, causing the stapes bone to become fixed in place. This results in hearing loss due to the inability of the stapes to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. The malleus (choice A), incus (choice C), and tympanic membrane (choice D) are not primarily affected by otosclerosis. The malleus and incus are located in the middle ear but are not typically affected by otosclerosis. The tympanic membrane is part of the outer ear and is not directly involved in otosclerosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: �Drink your nightly glass of milk earlier in the evening.� By suggesting the patient to drink milk earlier, it allows more time for the body to process and excrete the fluids before bedtime, reducing the likelihood of bedwetting. This intervention targets the root cause of the issue by addressing the timing of fluid intake. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: �Set your alarm clock to wake you every 2 hours, so you can get up to void.� This intervention disrupts the patient's sleep pattern and may not address the underlying cause of bedwetting. B: �Line your bedding with plastic sheets to protect your mattress.� This intervention focuses on managing the consequences of bedwetting rather than preventing it. D: �Empty your bladder completely before going to bed.� While important, this suggestion alone may not be sufficient to address the timing of fluid intake, which is crucial in reducing bedwetting frequency.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct initial intervention for a chemical burn to the eye is to generously flush the affected eye with normal saline or water. Flushing helps to remove the chemical from the eye, preventing further damage. Antibiotic solution (choice A) is not the first intervention as the priority is to remove the chemical. Applying a patch (choice C) can trap the chemical against the eye, worsening the injury. Applying direct pressure (choice D) is not appropriate and can cause additional harm. Flushing with normal saline or water is the most effective and safest initial intervention to minimize damage from a chemical burn to the eye.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Eat fish at least 5 times per week. Rationale: 1. Fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for heart health. 2. Eating fish frequently can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 3. Consuming fish aligns with dietary recommendations for cardiovascular health. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Maintaining carbohydrate intake is important, but it may not specifically indicate success in cardiovascular disease management. C: Limiting trans fats is crucial, but it alone may not indicate overall success in dietary management for cardiovascular disease. D: Avoiding high-fiber foods is not recommended, as fiber is beneficial for heart health and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thigh. When administering epinephrine during an anaphylactic reaction, the thigh is the recommended site due to its large muscle mass and quick absorption rate. Steps: 1. Remove safety cap. 2. Firmly push the auto-injector against the thigh until it clicks. 3. Hold in place for a few seconds. 4. Seek medical help immediately. Rationale for incorrect choices: A: Forearm - Not recommended due to smaller muscle mass and slower absorption. C: Deltoid muscle - Not preferred as it may not provide as rapid absorption as the thigh. D: Abdomen - Not ideal due to potential fat layers that could affect absorption speed.