foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breast ultrasound. Bloody drainage from the nipple can be indicative of various conditions such as breast cancer. A breast ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that can help visualize any abnormalities in the breast tissue, including masses or tumors. It is commonly used to evaluate breast symptoms like nipple discharge. Radiography (B) is not typically used for evaluating breast conditions. Positron emission testing (PET) (C) is more commonly used in cancer staging and may not be the first-line test for this symptom. Galactography (D) is a specific imaging test used to evaluate the ducts of the breast and may not be the initial test for bloody nipple discharge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased skin turgor. Diarrhea leads to fluid loss and dehydration, causing a decrease in skin turgor. Assessing skin turgor by gently pinching the skin on the patient's forearm is important to determine hydration status. A: Distended abdomen is more indicative of possible bowel obstruction or fluid accumulation, not specifically related to diarrhea. C: Increased energy levels are unlikely as diarrhea typically causes fatigue and weakness due to electrolyte imbalance. D: Elevated blood pressure is not a typical finding with diarrhea unless there are other underlying medical conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Implement precautions to ensure the patient's safety. When a patient exhibits seizure activity for the first time, the immediate priority is to ensure the patient's safety by implementing precautions such as protecting the patient from injury during the seizure, ensuring a patent airway, and monitoring vital signs. Identifying triggers (Choice A) can be important for long-term management but is not the priority during an acute seizure. Teaching the family about the relationship between brain tumors and seizures (Choice C) can be done later but is not the immediate priority. Ensuring a private room (Choice D) is not the priority when the patient's safety during a seizure is the main concern.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bacterial endocarditis. Mitral valve stenosis increases the risk of bacterial endocarditis due to turbulent blood flow and potential damage to the heart valve. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended before certain procedures to prevent bacterial endocarditis in patients with underlying cardiac conditions. Choice A, hypertension, is incorrect as mitral valve stenosis does not directly increase the risk of developing hypertension. Choice B, postpartum infection, is not directly related to the risk associated with mitral valve stenosis. Choice D, upper respiratory infections, is not a specific risk associated with mitral valve stenosis in pregnant patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Small group. When presenting information about flu immunizations to older adults in the community, using small group communication is most effective. In small group settings, the nurse can engage with the audience, encourage discussions, answer questions, and address individual concerns. This approach allows for personalized interaction, fosters trust, and facilitates better understanding and retention of information. Public communication (choice A) may not provide the same level of individualized attention. Interpersonal communication (choice C) typically refers to one-on-one interactions, which may not reach a larger audience efficiently. Intrapersonal communication (choice D) involves self-reflection and is not suitable for disseminating information to a group.