Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Etiology. Etiology in a nursing diagnosis refers to the cause or contributing factors that lead to the identified problem. In this case, the presence of a large scar over the left side of the face is the underlying cause of the disturbed self-esteem. It directly influences the client's self-perception and self-worth. The problem (B) is the disturbed self-esteem itself, not the scar. Defining characteristics (C) are the signs and symptoms that support the nursing diagnosis. Client need (D) is a broader concept that encompasses the overall needs of the client, whereas etiology specifically focuses on the cause of the problem.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Statement C indicates a misunderstanding that medication can be stopped when feeling better, which is incorrect. 2. Hypertension is a chronic condition that often requires lifelong medication. 3. This demonstrates a lack of understanding regarding the necessity of long-term management. 4. Statements A, B, and D show knowledge about hypertension's effects, dietary management, and awareness, respectively. Summary: Statement C is incorrect as it suggests stopping medication, while statements A, B, and D show accurate understanding of hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because nosocomial pneumonia occurs in a healthcare setting, such as hospitals or long-term care facilities, where patients are at increased risk due to exposure to pathogens and weakened immune systems. Choice B is incorrect as the timeframe of onset is not limited to within 48 hours of admission. Choice C is incorrect as nosocomial pneumonia can occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to pneumonia acquired outside of a healthcare setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because maintaining consistency in the order of drawing different types of insulin into the syringe helps prevent medication errors. When mixing insulins, drawing them in the same sequence ensures the correct dose and prevents contamination. Explanation: A: Following the same order ensures accurate dosing and minimizes the risk of mixing up insulins. B: Shaking the vial can cause air bubbles which can affect the accuracy of the dose. C: Storing insulin in the freezer can damage the medication and alter its effectiveness. D: Cloudiness in intermediate-acting insulin is normal and does not indicate it should be discarded.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Counseling about respite care options. This intervention is most appropriate as it addresses the issue of role strain by providing the family member with support and options for temporary relief from caregiving responsibilities. Respite care allows the family member to take a break and recharge, reducing stress and preventing burnout. A: Assisting with activities of daily living is important but may not directly address the underlying issue of role strain. C: Teaching range-of-motion exercises is beneficial for physical well-being but does not directly address the emotional and psychological impact of role strain. D: Consulting with a social worker may be helpful for additional support but may not provide immediate relief or practical solutions for the family member's role strain.