Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: try to quiet the child and is considered child abuse. The small, round burns on the baby's abdomen are likely caused by cigarettes or burning cotton as a form of child abuse known as "cigarette burns." This type of abuse is characterized by deliberately causing harm to a child by burning them with cigarettes or other hot objects. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not address the intentional harm and abuse inflicted upon the child in this scenario. Choice B about bringing out toxic wind is not a valid cultural or medical practice and is not relevant in this context. Choice C about balancing heat loss is not related to the burns observed. Choice D about brushing the body with ruda for spirits to return is not a known or appropriate intervention for addressing burns or abuse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because permissive licenses in the early 1900s were voluntary but required passing an examination to use the title RN. This ensured a basic level of competency. Choice B is incorrect as there was no specific requirement for the duration of formalized nurse training. Choice C is incorrect as failing the examination would disqualify nurses from practice. Choice D is incorrect as there was typically only one type of licensure examination, not a choice between written or oral.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reviewing the dress code policy to give feedback before an appointment in the morning is time-sensitive and directly impacts the nurse's professional responsibilities. This task falls under the "B" category in the ABC prioritization approach, which prioritizes tasks that are important but not urgent. This task requires attention before the morning appointment to ensure professionalism and compliance. Tasks A, C, and D are not prioritized as "B" because they are either more urgent or less important compared to reviewing the dress code policy before the morning appointment. Task A is important but not urgent as the time sheet is not due immediately. Task C is categorized as "A" as it involves a critical patient situation that requires immediate attention. Task D is categorized as "C" as it is important and time-sensitive, needing completion before discharge in 2 hours.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Zero-based Rationale: 1. Zero-based budgeting starts from scratch, evaluating each expense regardless of the prior year. 2. It helps eliminate inefficiencies and ensures resources are allocated to high-priority areas. 3. By not relying on past data, outdated information does not influence the budget decisions. Summary: B: Incremental budgeting builds on the previous year's budget, not starting from zero. C: Labor budget focuses specifically on labor costs, not the overall budgeting approach. D: Operational budget typically considers historical data and current operations, unlike zero-based budgeting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: founding the American Red Cross. Clara Barton is renowned for establishing the American Red Cross in 1881, providing humanitarian aid during times of war and disaster. This is the most accurate choice as it aligns with her significant contribution to society. Choice A is incorrect as Clara Barton was not the first black public health nurse. Choice B is incorrect as the Henry Street Settlement was founded by Lillian Wald. Choice D is incorrect as while Clara Barton did advocate for improvements in nursing education, her most notable accomplishment was the establishment of the American Red Cross.