Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute splenic sequestration crisis is a complication seen in patients with sickle cell disease characterized by the sudden pooling of sickled red blood cells in the spleen, leading to splenic enlargement, severe anemia, and hypovolemic shock. This pooling results in a rapid drop in hemoglobin levels, causing anemia. The spleen's sequestration of large numbers of red blood cells can cause a sudden rise in the number of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) in the blood (reticulocytosis). The destruction of these trapped red blood cells in the spleen leads to hemolysis, evidenced by elevated indirect bilirubin levels and the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies (nuclear remnants of erythrocytes) on peripheral blood smear. Patients may present with severe abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, and signs of hemodynamic instability, which

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Marlene opening up to the nurse about their financial difficulty indicates that she feels comfortable enough to share personal information with the nurse. This signals the establishment of a trusting relationship between Marlene and the nurse, as Marlene feels safe and supported enough to disclose sensitive information. Building trust is a crucial aspect of any professional relationship, especially in healthcare settings, as it fosters open communication, encourages honesty, and ultimately leads to better outcomes for the patient. It is an essential foundation for providing effective care and support to individuals in need.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In primary care nursing, typically, one nurse is designated to have 24-hour responsibility for care planning and coordination for each patient. This helps ensure continuity of care and accountability. By having one nurse overseeing all aspects of the patient's care, it allows for a more personalized and coordinated approach that puts the patient at the center of the care structure. Having one primary care nurse also promotes better communication, efficiency, and consistency in managing the patient's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Option A, "Can we talk about Mrs. Santos?" is indicative of a collaborative relationship between the nurse and the attending physician. It shows open communication and a willingness to discuss the patient's case together, which is essential for optimal patient care. This statement implies teamwork and a shared responsibility for the patient's well-being. The other options either lack a collaborative tone, show concern without inviting discussion, or suggest a dismissive attitude towards addressing the patient's needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The scenario described in the question is most indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus. Classic symptoms of endometriosis include cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and infertility. The presence of a "chocolate cyst" (also known as an endometrioma) within the ovary on pelvic ultrasound is a characteristic finding in endometriosis. These cysts are filled with old blood, giving them a dark, chocolate-like appearance on imaging. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) typically presents with irregular periods, signs of hyperandrogenism, and multiple small follicles on ultrasound. Ovarian torsion and ovarian cyst rupture would present with acute-onset symptoms and may not necessarily be associated with cyclic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea as described in the