Fluid and Electrolytes ATI

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms of hypokalemia include GI, cardiac, renal, respiratory, and neurologic disturbances. The use of potassium-wasting diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, without potassium replacement therapy is a primary cause of hypokalemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An air emboli is more often associated with central vein access. Usually only relatively large volumes of air administered rapidly are dangerous. It is more often a concern when air enters a central venous access line.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The renin and angiotensin systems help to maintain the balance of sodium and water in the body and maintain healthy blood volumes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetany is the most characteristic manifestation of hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. Sensations of tingling may occur in the tips of the fingers, around the mouth, and less commonly in the feet. Taking a normal blood pressure could illicit a carpal spasm if it creates slight ischemia of the ulnar nerve.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Daily weights show trends and can assist medical management by indicating if interventions and medications are effective. Laboratory data are objective data that indicate whether electrolyte levels are within normal limits for the patient with fluid balance problems. However, if a patient is dehydrated, some laboratory data can show false elevations. Intake and output is extremely important, but matching the two is difficult because fluid is also lost through breathing, perspiration, stool, and surgical tubes. Vital signs may or may not be helpful because heart rate and blood pressure can be elevated by either depletion or excess of fluids in some situations.