Fluid and Electrolytes ATI

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to diarrhea, as they have a higher fluid turnover and less reserve.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Muscle twitching and numbness or tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes are signs of hyperirritability of the nervous system due to hypocalcemia. The other options describe complications the nurse should also be observing for; however, tetany and neurologic alterations are primary indications of hypocalcemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The renin and angiotensin systems help to maintain the balance of sodium and water in the body and maintain healthy blood volumes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The symptoms of hypokalemia include GI, cardiac, renal, respiratory, and neurologic disturbances. The use of potassium-wasting diuretics, such as hydrochlorothiazide, without potassium replacement therapy is a primary cause of hypokalemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Probably the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis is vomiting or gastric suction with loss of hydrogen and chloride ions. The disorder also occurs in pyloric stenosis in which only gastric fluid is lost. Vomiting, gastric suction, and pyloric stenosis all remove potassium and can cause hypokalemia.