foundations of nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Surgical intervention. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens in the eye, which can lead to vision impairment. Surgery is the most common and effective treatment for cataracts, involving the removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial one. Antioxidant supplements (Choice A) may help prevent cataracts but are not a treatment for existing ones. Eyeglasses or magnifying lenses (Choice B) can help with vision correction but do not address the cataracts themselves. Corticosteroid eye drops (Choice C) are used for treating inflammation in the eye, not cataracts. Therefore, surgical intervention is the most appropriate treatment option for age-related cataracts.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Educational programs that focus on control and prevention. This intervention is the most crucial as it directly addresses the issue of the increasing incidence of HIV infection. By providing education on how to control and prevent the spread of HIV, the nurse can empower the community to take proactive measures to reduce transmission rates. A: Lifestyle actions that improve immune function may be helpful in general health promotion but do not directly target the prevention of HIV transmission. C: Appropriate use of standard precautions is important but is more focused on healthcare settings rather than community-wide prevention efforts. D: Screening programs for youth and young adults are valuable but may not be as effective as educational programs in preventing the spread of HIV.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Reduce disparities. In equity-focused quality improvement, the primary goal is to address and reduce disparities in healthcare outcomes and access. By focusing on reducing disparities, the hospital ensures that all patients receive equitable care regardless of their background. Documenting staff satisfaction (A) is important but not directly related to equity-focused improvement. Focusing on the family (B) is essential for patient-centered care but doesn't specifically address equity. Implementing change on a grand scale (C) may not necessarily target disparities directly. Therefore, reducing disparities aligns best with equity-focused quality improvement principles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoid feminine hygiene products, such as sprays. This is because feminine hygiene products can disrupt the natural balance of vaginal flora, leading to an increased risk of vaginal infections. Tight-fitting synthetic underwear (choice A) can trap moisture and promote bacterial growth. Using bubble bath (choice B) can irritate the genital area and disrupt the pH balance. Restricting daily bathing (choice D) is not recommended as regular hygiene practices are important for preventing infections. In summary, choice C is correct as it promotes maintaining the natural vaginal flora and pH balance to prevent infections, while the other choices can contribute to an increased risk of vaginal infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Surgical intervention. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens in the eye, which can lead to vision impairment. Surgery is the most common and effective treatment for cataracts, involving the removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial one. Antioxidant supplements (Choice A) may help prevent cataracts but are not a treatment for existing ones. Eyeglasses or magnifying lenses (Choice B) can help with vision correction but do not address the cataracts themselves. Corticosteroid eye drops (Choice C) are used for treating inflammation in the eye, not cataracts. Therefore, surgical intervention is the most appropriate treatment option for age-related cataracts.