foundations of nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relax. In the SOLER technique for active listening, "R" stands for Relax. This technique involves the nurse maintaining a relaxed and open body posture to show attentiveness and create a comfortable environment for the speaker. This helps to build trust and encourages the speaker to express themselves freely. Choice B: Respect is incorrect as it refers to showing respect towards the speaker, which is important in communication but not specifically related to the relaxation aspect of active listening. Choice C: Reminisce is incorrect as it means to recall past experiences or memories, which is not part of the SOLER technique for active listening. Choice D: Reassure is incorrect as it involves providing comfort or support to the speaker, which is different from the relaxation required for active listening.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because referenced daily intakes (RDIs) provide values for protein, vitamins, and minerals essential for maintaining health. RDIs do not focus solely on fat, cholesterol, and fiber percentages (B). RDIs are different from recommended daily allowances (RDAs) but do not replace them (C). RDIs are not specifically used to develop diets for chronic illnesses requiring a specific calorie intake (D).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Type I hypersensitivity reaction. This type of reaction involves the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, leading to symptoms like hives. It is characterized by the involvement of IgE antibodies. In this case, the patient developed hives quickly after exposure to the allergen, indicating an immediate hypersensitivity reaction typical of Type I. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are associated with different mechanisms and timeframes of hypersensitivity reactions. Type II involves antibody-mediated cell destruction, Type III involves immune complex deposition, and Type IV is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells, none of which are consistent with the rapid onset of hives seen in this patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Red wine colored. Following a prostatectomy, continuous bladder irrigation is commonly used to prevent blood clots and ensure urine drainage. The output is expected to be red wine colored, indicating the presence of blood in the urine due to surgical trauma. Tea-colored (choice B) or amber (choice C) are not specific enough and do not accurately reflect the expected bloody output. Light pink (choice D) may suggest a lower level of bleeding compared to red wine color, but it is not the most accurate description for post-prostatectomy drainage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Focusing the patient's immune system exclusively on the tumor. Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) work by enhancing the body's natural defenses to target and attack cancer cells specifically. This approach helps the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells. A: Promoting the synthesis and release of leukocytes - This is not the primary mechanism of action for BRMs. While leukocytes play a role in the immune response, BRMs target the immune system's response to tumors. C: Potentiating the effects of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy - While some BRMs may be used in combination with these treatments, their primary mode of action is not to enhance the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. D: Altering the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the patient - This choice is too broad and vague. BRMs specifically aim to direct the immune response towards targeting the tumor cells, rather than altering the overall immunologic relationship