Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation. In this scenario, the nurse researcher is determining the significance of findings, which falls under the evaluation phase of scientific inquiry. Evaluation involves assessing the results and determining their importance and relevance. It is crucial in determining the validity and impact of the research findings. A: Hypothesis - While formulating a hypothesis is an important step in the scientific method, it is not directly related to determining the significance of findings. B: Method - Refers to the procedures used to conduct the research study, not specifically related to evaluating the significance of findings. C: Data collection - Involves the process of gathering data, not directly related to determining the level of significance of findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because communities are indeed the first responders in any disaster. Local resources are typically the first to mobilize and provide immediate assistance due to their proximity to the affected area. Federal agencies may take time to arrive on the scene, so it is crucial for communities to have their own disaster response plans in place. Choice A is incorrect because the federal government can become involved in disasters even without known terrorist activities, especially in large-scale disasters. Choice C is incorrect as it oversimplifies the roles of different agencies in disaster response. Choice D is incorrect because state and federal agencies may still provide assistance even if local health care facilities are operational.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because interviews are a common and effective method in qualitative research to gather in-depth insights and descriptions of complex phenomena. Interviews help researchers understand participants' perspectives and experiences, allowing for a rich and nuanced exploration of the research topic. In contrast, options A, B, and C are incorrect because qualitative research can still be time-consuming, does not require large sample sizes for statistical significance, and focuses on in-depth understanding rather than generalizability to a larger population.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because shared governance involves empowering nurses to participate in decision-making related to patient care. This element is fundamental as it promotes autonomy, collaboration, and professional growth among nurses. Option A is incorrect as an open-door policy does not necessarily imply shared governance. Option B, dispute resolution, is important but not a fundamental characteristic of shared governance. Option C, mandatory reporting, does not align with the collaborative nature of shared governance. In summary, nurses having an active role in patient care decision making is crucial for the successful implementation of a shared governance model.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: sentinel event. A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological harm to a patient. In this scenario, the accidental cutting of sutures leading to evisceration constitutes a serious harm to the patient, making it a sentinel event. This event requires immediate investigation, analysis, and implementation of preventive measures to ensure patient safety. A: Root cause refers to the underlying reason for a problem, not the event itself. C: Variation in performance is related to inconsistencies in processes, not a specific critical incident like evisceration. D: Causal factor is a contributing element to an event, but it does not capture the severity and significance of a sentinel event like evisceration.