Proctored Pharmacology ATI

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When treating tuberculosis, using a combination of multiple medications is crucial to reduce the risk of bacterial resistance. The use of four medications helps to target the bacteria from different angles, making it harder for them to develop resistance to the treatment. This approach is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment regimen and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diarrhea is an adverse effect of cefotaxime and other cephalosporins that requires reporting to the provider. Severe diarrhea might indicate the client has developed antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis, which could be life-threatening.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lithium is primarily used to stabilize mood, especially in conditions like bipolar disorder. It helps in reducing the frequency and severity of manic episodes, making it an essential medication for mood stabilization.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. When administered orally, propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to reduced bioavailability. This process is known as first-pass hepatic metabolism, which significantly affects the drug's effectiveness and necessitates higher oral doses compared to other routes of administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clots, and in cases of overdose or excessive bleeding, protamine sulfate is administered to reverse its effects by neutralizing heparin's anticoagulant activity.