ATI RN
Proctored Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide to treat hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent potential adverse effects such as cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.
Question 2 of 5
A client has a prescription for Furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to increased excretion of potassium in the urine. To counteract this effect and maintain electrolyte balance, the client should be advised to increase their intake of potassium-rich foods. This instruction helps prevent potential complications associated with low potassium levels.
Question 3 of 5
A client has been prescribed Nitroglycerin patches for angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include during discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin patches should be removed for 12 hours each day to prevent the development of tolerance. This nitrate-free interval ensures the medication remains effective in managing angina.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while sparing K+ and hydrogen ions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is classified as a potassium-sparing diuretic. It works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while promoting the retention of potassium and hydrogen ions. This mechanism of action helps in reducing fluid retention without causing excessive loss of potassium, which is a common side effect of other diuretics.
Question 5 of 5
A client with Bipolar disorder has a new prescription for Carbamazepine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Grapefruit juice affects carbamazepine metabolism and should be avoided. It can lead to increased levels of the medication, potentially causing toxicity. Monitoring carbamazepine blood levels and the complete blood count (CBC) is essential to ensure the medication's efficacy and safety. Carbamazepine can cause serious adverse effects like Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, the client should promptly report any rash to the healthcare provider. Additionally, the client should be educated about potential central nervous system (CNS) side effects such as drowsiness or dizziness, and advised to avoid activities requiring alertness until these effects diminish.
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