Test Bank Physical Examination and Health Assessment

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct order of priority for the problem list in this case would be chest pain, headaches, arthritis, and war injury pain. Chest pain should always be a priority as it could indicate a serious or life-threatening condition such as a heart attack. Headaches, while important, are less urgent than chest pain. Arthritis can generally be managed without immediate intervention, making it a lower priority. Finally, the pain from the old war injury, while significant, is not as urgent as the other complaints.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anisocoria refers to a condition where the pupils are of unequal size. Pathologic causes of anisocoria can include conditions such as Horner's syndrome. Horner's syndrome is a rare disorder caused by damage to the sympathetic nerves of the face and eye. Symptoms can include a constricted pupil (miosis), drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis), and decreased sweating in the affected area. This results in anisocoria, where the affected pupil is smaller than the unaffected pupil. Other options listed (B-D) do not typically lead to pathologic anisocoria.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of this 17-year-old high school senior is concerning for a spontaneous pneumothorax. A spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, resulting in lung collapse. Risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax include tall, thin body habitus and smoking. In this case, the patient's sudden onset of right-sided chest pain and severe shortness of breath, along with absent breath sounds on the right side of the chest and hyperresonance on percussion, are consistent with a pneumothorax. The absence of lung sounds and fremitus on palpation over the right upper lobe further support this diagnosis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma typically present with more chronic symptoms, while pneumonia is usually associated with fever, productive cough, and other signs of infection. Given the history and physical examination findings, spontaneous pneumothorax is the most

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate response based on the information provided would be to give the patient information concerning the reduction of fat and cholesterol in her diet because she is obese. The patient's weight falls in the obese category, and addressing diet is an important step in managing obesity. Providing guidance on reducing fat and cholesterol intake can help the patient make healthier food choices and work towards achieving a healthier weight. Additionally, diet plays a significant role in overall health, so addressing nutrition is crucial when managing obesity. It is important to approach the topic sensitively and provide support and resources to help the patient make positive changes for their health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation described in the scenario is consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, typically seen in older males. The findings of a smooth, enlarged prostate on digital rectal examination without discrete masses, along with the absence of other alarming signs such as blood in the urine or on examination, make BPH the most likely diagnosis in this case.