ATI RN
Test Bank Physical Examination and Health Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
You are seeing an elderly man with multiple complaints. He has chronic arthritis, pain from an old war injury, and headaches. Today he complains of these pains, as well as dull chest pain under his sternum. What would the order of priority be for your problem list?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of priority for the problem list in this case would be chest pain, headaches, arthritis, and war injury pain. Chest pain should always be a priority as it could indicate a serious or life-threatening condition such as a heart attack. Headaches, while important, are less urgent than chest pain. Arthritis can generally be managed without immediate intervention, making it a lower priority. Finally, the pain from the old war injury, while significant, is not as urgent as the other complaints.
Question 2 of 5
Otherwise she has had no health problems. Her father has high blood pressure. Her mother had unilateral breast cancer in her 70s. The patient denies tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. She is a family law attorney and is married. Her examination is essentially unremarkable. Which risk factor of her personal and family history most puts her in danger of getting breast cancer?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most significant risk factor for breast cancer in the patient's personal and family history is having a first-degree relative with premenopausal breast cancer. This is because the age at which a family member was diagnosed with breast cancer can be indicative of potential genetic predispositions that may increase the patient's own risk of developing the disease. Women with a first-degree relative who was diagnosed with breast cancer before menopause (premenopausal) are at a higher risk themselves compared to those with a family history of postmenopausal breast cancer. In this case, the patient's mother had unilateral breast cancer in her 70s, which suggests a higher risk compared to postmenopausal breast cancer. Other factors such as early age at menarche or age at first live birth are also important in assessing breast cancer risk, but having a first-degree relative with premenopausal breast cancer is the most significant
Question 3 of 5
A 17-year-old high school senior presents to your clinic in acute respiratory distress. Between shallow breaths he states he was at home finishing his homework when he suddenly began having right-sided chest pain and severe shortness of breath. He denies any recent traumas or illnesses. His past medical history is unremarkable. He doesn't smoke but drinks several beers on the weekend. He has tried marijuana several times but denies any other illegal drugs. He is an honors student and is on the basketball team. His parents are both in good health. He denies any recent weight gain, weight loss, fever, or night sweats. On examination you see a tall, thin young man in obvious distress. He is diaphoretic and is breathing at a rate of 35 breaths per minute. On auscultation you hear no breath sounds on the right side of his superior chest wall. On percussion he is hyperresonant over the right upper lobe. With palpation he has absent fremitus over the right upper lobe. What disorder of the thorax or lung best describes his symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of this 17-year-old high school senior is concerning for a spontaneous pneumothorax. A spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space, resulting in lung collapse. Risk factors for spontaneous pneumothorax include tall, thin body habitus and smoking. In this case, the patient's sudden onset of right-sided chest pain and severe shortness of breath, along with absent breath sounds on the right side of the chest and hyperresonance on percussion, are consistent with a pneumothorax. The absence of lung sounds and fremitus on palpation over the right upper lobe further support this diagnosis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma typically present with more chronic symptoms, while pneumonia is usually associated with fever, productive cough, and other signs of infection. Given the history and physical examination findings, spontaneous pneumothorax is the most
Question 4 of 5
He is afebrile and his cardiac, lung, and abdominal examinations are normal. On visualization of the anus you see no inflammation, masses, or fissures. Digital rectal examination reveals a smooth, enlarged prostate. No discrete masses are felt. There is no blood on the glove or on guaiac testing. An analysis of the urine shows no red blood cells, white blood cells, or bacteria. What disorder of the anus, rectum, or prostate is this most likely to be?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation described in the scenario is consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, typically seen in older males. The findings of a smooth, enlarged prostate on digital rectal examination without discrete masses, along with the absence of other alarming signs such as blood in the urine or on examination, make BPH the most likely diagnosis in this case.
Question 5 of 5
The following information is best placed in which category? "The patient was treated for an asthma exacerbation in the hospital last year; the patient has never been intubated."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The information provided about the patient being treated for an asthma exacerbation and not being intubated falls under the category of adult illnesses. Asthma is a common respiratory condition that affects people of various ages but is more prevalent in adults. The fact that the patient was treated for an asthma exacerbation and has not required intubation indicates a relevant medical history related to adult illnesses and respiratory conditions. This information would be considered when evaluating and managing the patient's current health status and potential risks related to respiratory issues.
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