jarvis physical examination and health assessment test bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the patient only exhibits symptoms under the direct care or supervision of the abuser. This is because the abuser intentionally causes or fabricates symptoms in the victim to gain attention or sympathy. In contrast, the other choices are incorrect. A is incorrect because the injury is inflicted by the abuser, not self-inflicted by the patient. C is incorrect as the caregiver is the one perpetrating the abuse. D is incorrect because the abuser is often overly involved and manipulative, rather than inattentive and uncaring.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Present illness. The statement "I feel really tired" falls under the present illness category because it describes the current health concern the individual is experiencing. This section focuses on the details of the current symptoms, their duration, severity, and any associated factors. It helps in understanding the progression and impact of the current health issue. A: Chief complaint typically refers to the main reason for seeking medical help, usually a symptom or problem that brought the individual to the healthcare provider. C: Personal and social history covers information about the individual's lifestyle, habits, and social support system. D: Review of systems involves systematically asking about symptoms related to different body systems, which is not the case in the given statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Repeat PSA in 6 months. In this case, the patient's PSA levels have decreased from 12 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL after treatment with tamsulosin and removal of the Foley catheter. Given the improvement in PSA levels, it is reasonable to monitor for further changes before considering invasive procedures like transrectal ultrasound and biopsy (choice A), which may not be necessary at this time. Empiric finasteride (choice B) is not indicated as the patient is already responding well to tamsulosin. A bone scan (choice C) is not necessary at this stage as there are no indications of metastasis. Therefore, repeating the PSA in 6 months allows for continued monitoring of the patient's prostate health without subjecting him to unnecessary procedures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Haloperidol. Haloperidol is a first-line antipsychotic commonly used to manage agitation in delirium due to its rapid onset and minimal sedative effects. It acts by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce agitation and combativeness. Melatonin (A) is not effective for acute agitation. Diazepam (C) can worsen confusion in elderly patients and is not recommended for delirium. Gabapentin (D) is not indicated for managing agitation in delirium and may not be effective in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because cultural humility emphasizes recognizing power imbalances and fostering interpersonal sensitivity through partnerships with and learning from patients. This approach encourages self-awareness, openness, and willingness to engage in respectful dialogues. Option A is incorrect because cultural humility is not solely achieved through professional development courses. Option B is incorrect as anyone, regardless of their background, can practice cultural humility. Option D is incorrect as cultural humility does consider the impacts of structural factors on health disparities, including biological, socioeconomic, and racial influences.