Midwifery Exam Questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for choice C: 1. Excessive molding or abnormal stretching of the fetal head can indicate neonatal intracranial injury due to the trauma during birth. 2. This feature suggests possible compression or trauma to the baby's head during delivery. 3. It may lead to intracranial hemorrhage or other injuries, requiring close monitoring and medical intervention. Summary of other choices: A. An oedematous swelling resolving in 48 hours is likely a normal finding (cephalohematoma) and not specific to intracranial injury. B. Notable bleeding between the epicranial aponeurosis & periosteum may indicate cephalohematoma or caput succedaneum, not necessarily intracranial injury. D. Peripheral cyanosis is related to oxygenation and circulation, not specific to intracranial injury.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oligohydramnios. Oligohydramnios leads to reduced volume of amniotic fluid, which can result in poor fetal movements and inadequate cushioning for the fetus. This can increase the likelihood of abnormal fetal positions like shoulder presentation. Other choices are incorrect because: A: A sub-septate uterus is a structural uterine abnormality and not directly related to shoulder presentation. C: Prematurity may lead to preterm labor but is not specifically associated with shoulder presentation. D: Multiple pregnancy can increase the risk of malpresentation but is not a direct maternal cause of shoulder presentation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the most effective treatment for pneumatosis as it helps to reduce gas cysts by increasing oxygen levels in the tissues. This promotes healing and resolution of the condition. A: Several days of oxygen by face mask - Regular oxygen therapy is not as effective as hyperbaric oxygen in treating pneumatosis. C: Surgical resection - Surgical resection is not typically the first-line treatment for pneumatosis and is usually reserved for severe cases or complications. D: Treatment of underlying disease - While treating the underlying disease is important, it may not directly address the gas cysts in the gastrointestinal tract. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy targets the gas cysts specifically.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A long history of alcohol use. In this case, the patient T. S. is brain dead following a catastrophic accident. Although she had an organ donor notation, her long history of alcohol use precludes her from serving as a liver donor. Chronic alcohol use can lead to liver damage and compromise the quality of the liver for transplantation. Encephalopathy (choice A) is a potential complication of liver disease, but it does not preclude her from being a liver donor. Hepatitis C infection (choice B) and biliary cirrhosis (choice D) may affect the liver, but they do not automatically disqualify her as a donor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit maneuver for delivery of breech with an extended head. This maneuver involves flexing the head while still in the vagina to allow for easier delivery. The Burns Marshall maneuver (A) is for impacted fetal shoulders, Lovset maneuver (B) is for shoulder dystocia, and McRobert's maneuver (D) is for shoulder dystocia as well. The Mauriceau-Smellie-Veit maneuver is specifically designed for delivering a breech with an extended head, making it the correct choice in this scenario.