Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it accurately defines a transient ischemic attack (TIA) as a temporary interruption in blood flow to the brain. This response demonstrates the nurse's knowledge and ability to provide accurate information to the family member. Option A is incorrect because it deflects the question to the doctor without providing any information. Option B is incorrect because it inaccurately states that TIA causes permanent brain damage, which is not true. Option D is also incorrect because it simply restates the abbreviation without providing any explanation of what TIA actually means.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oxygen saturation above 90%. This is a discharge criterion because adequate oxygen saturation indicates the patient is breathing well and there is no immediate respiratory compromise. Oxygen saturation below 90% (choice C) would indicate hypoxemia and would not be safe for discharge. IV narcotics given less than 15 minutes ago (choice B) can still be in effect and may impair the patient's ability to function post-surgery. IV narcotics given less than 30 minutes ago (choice D) is a longer timeframe but still not ideal for discharge as the effects of the narcotics may not have fully worn off.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it encourages the patient to provide more detailed information about the cause of their pain, which can help in understanding the underlying health issues. Choice A is judgmental and may make the patient defensive. Choice B is closed-ended and does not prompt for specific details. Choice D is directive and may not be well-received by the patient. Asking the patient to elaborate on what caused their pain allows for a more open-ended response, leading to a more thorough health history assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the bicarbonate-carbonic system. This buffer system is crucial in maintaining the body's pH balance. When CO2 combines with water in the blood, it forms carbonic acid, which dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Bicarbonate acts as a base, accepting excess hydrogen ions to prevent a decrease in pH. Hemoglobin and plasma proteins primarily function as transport molecules, not as buffer systems. Phosphate buffer system is present in intracellular fluids, not as commonly in the body. The bicarbonate-carbonic system is the most prevalent buffer system in the blood and plays a vital role in regulating blood pH.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The sudden sharp pain in the midepigastric region with a rigid boardlike abdomen in a patient with a bleeding gastric ulcer indicates a perforation of the ulcer. Perforation leads to leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing peritonitis. This presentation requires immediate surgical intervention. Option A is incorrect as intestinal development does not correlate with the symptoms described. Option B is incorrect because inflammation of the esophagus would not lead to a rigid boardlike abdomen. Option D is incorrect as the sudden onset of symptoms is more indicative of a complication like perforation rather than the development of additional ulcers.