Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 9th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypocalcemia. Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign are both indicators of hypocalcemia, which is a common complication following thyroidectomy surgery due to potential damage to the parathyroid glands. Chvostek's sign is elicited by tapping the facial nerve and observing facial muscle twitching, while Trousseau's sign involves carpal spasm induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above systolic pressure. Both signs are sensitive indicators of hypocalcemia due to their association with neuromuscular irritability. Hypercalcemia (option C) and hyperkalemia (option D) are not typically associated with thyroidectomy surgery and would not present with these specific signs. Hypokalemia (option B) is not related to Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ineffective airway clearance related to obstruction by a tumor or secretions. This is the highest priority because compromised airway clearance can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory distress or hypoxia. Ensuring effective airway clearance is crucial in preventing respiratory compromise and maintaining oxygenation. Choices A, C, and D are not the highest priority because they do not directly address the immediate risk to the client's physiological well-being. Treating disturbed body image, anxiety, or imbalanced nutrition are important but can be addressed after ensuring the client's airway is clear and they are able to breathe effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because compromised nutrition can lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients required for the production of blood cells and hemoglobin. Iron, vitamins, and minerals obtained from food are crucial for erythropoiesis and maintaining a healthy immune system. Without these nutrients, the body may struggle to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia and compromised immune function. Choice B is incorrect because excessive fat in the diet is not directly linked to interfering with the production of blood cells and hemoglobin. Choice C is incorrect as inconsistent dieting may affect overall health but is not specifically related to hematopoiesis. Choice D is incorrect because while iron and protein are important for blood cell production, excessive amounts of these elements are unlikely to interfere with the production of blood cells and hemoglobin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because assessing for localized ischemia involves evaluating multiple factors. A: Assessing color and temperature helps determine perfusion. B: Checking capillary refill assesses circulation. C: Evaluating pulse rate indicates cardiac output. Doing all of the above provides a comprehensive assessment of arterial flow and potential ischemia. Other choices are incorrect as they do not cover all aspects necessary for a thorough assessment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fluid intake of less than 2,500mL. In diabetes insipidus, the body cannot properly regulate fluid balance, leading to excessive thirst and urination. Successful treatment aims to manage these symptoms by reducing fluid intake to prevent dehydration. Therefore, a decrease in fluid intake indicates successful treatment. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Blood pressure of 90/50mmHg - Blood pressure is not directly related to the treatment of diabetes insipidus. C: Pulse rate of 126 beats/min - Pulse rate is not a specific indicator of successful treatment for diabetes insipidus. D: Urine output of more than 200mL/hour - In diabetes insipidus, excessive urine output is a symptom of the condition, so an increase in urine output does not indicate successful treatment.