Endocrinology Practice Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Correct. Cushing's disease is caused by a pituitary adenoma secreting excess ACTH, stimulating adrenal cortex to produce excess cortisol. B: Incorrect. Cushing's disease does not result from excess cortisol secretion by the pituitary adenoma. C: Incorrect. Cushing's disease is not caused by an adrenal adenoma secreting excess ACTH. D: Incorrect. Cushing's disease is not caused by an adrenal adenoma secreting excess cortisol. Summary: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the pathophysiology of Cushing's disease, where a pituitary adenoma secretes excess ACTH leading to increased cortisol production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they misinterpret the primary source of hormone overproduction in Cushing's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chronic pancreatitis. Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with chronic pancreatitis as it is more related to pancreatic insufficiency and impaired glucose regulation. A: Glycogen storage disease can lead to hypoglycemia due to the inability to properly release stored glucose. C: Galactosaemia can cause hypoglycemia due to the impaired breakdown of galactose into glucose. D: Post-gastrectomy can lead to hypoglycemia due to rapid glucose absorption and altered hormonal responses.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ductless. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts. This allows hormones to reach target organs throughout the body. Choice A (vascular) is incorrect because it refers to the presence of blood vessels, which is common in all glands, not just endocrine glands. Choice C (square) is irrelevant as the shape of glands does not determine their function. Choice D (autonomous) is incorrect as it does not accurately describe endocrine glands; while they function independently, the term "autonomous" does not specifically apply to them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhea. Addison's disease is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. Diarrhea is not a typical symptom of Addison's disease. The characteristic features include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, dizziness (B), hyperpigmentation, low blood pressure, dehydration (D), and skin changes like dermatitis is common (C). Therefore, diarrhea does not align with the typical symptoms of Addison's disease.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sertoli cells are responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin (ABG). They play a crucial role in supporting spermatogenesis by providing structural and nutritional support to developing sperm cells. ABG helps in the transport of testosterone and other androgens within the seminiferous tubules, aiding in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Testosterone is primarily produced by Leydig cells in the testes, not by Sertoli cells, making option A incorrect. Option B, Oestrogen, is mainly synthesized in the ovaries, while Sertoli cells do not produce GnRH (option D), which is secreted by the hypothalamus. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as Sertoli cells are primarily responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin.