Endocrinology Practice Questions

Questions 55

ATI RN

ATI RN Test Bank

Endocrinology Practice Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following statements best describes diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition where the kidneys are unable to conserve water, leading to the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine. This is due to either a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production (central DI) or the kidneys' insensitivity to ADH (nephrogenic DI). Choice A is incorrect as the urine is dilute, not concentrated. Choice B is incorrect as diabetes insipidus results in large, not small, urine volumes. Choice D is incorrect as the urine is dilute, not concentrated. Therefore, choice C accurately describes diabetes insipidus.

Question 2 of 5

All of the following are consistent with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neovascularization. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by early changes such as retinal vascular microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots. Neovascularization is a feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, not non-proliferative. Neovascularization refers to the growth of abnormal new blood vessels in the retina, which can lead to severe vision loss if not treated promptly. In summary, neovascularization is not consistent with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, as it is a hallmark of the proliferative stage.

Question 3 of 5

Which one of the following hormones binds to the pituitary and stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. GnRH directly binds to pituitary receptors. 2. GnRH specifically targets gonadotroph cells to release LH and FSH. 3. CRH and ACTH are related to stress and adrenal function, not reproductive hormones. 4. Tremor is unrelated to pituitary hormone regulation. Summary: Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) is the correct answer as it directly stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland. Other choices are incorrect as they are not involved in the regulation of reproductive hormones.

Question 4 of 5

Which of the following are Sertoli cells responsible for producing?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sertoli cells are responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin (ABG). They play a crucial role in supporting spermatogenesis by providing structural and nutritional support to developing sperm cells. ABG helps in the transport of testosterone and other androgens within the seminiferous tubules, aiding in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Testosterone is primarily produced by Leydig cells in the testes, not by Sertoli cells, making option A incorrect. Option B, Oestrogen, is mainly synthesized in the ovaries, while Sertoli cells do not produce GnRH (option D), which is secreted by the hypothalamus. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as Sertoli cells are primarily responsible for producing and secreting Androgen binding globulin.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following is not a part of metabolic 'syndrome X'?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ischaemic heart disease. Metabolic syndrome X consists of a cluster of conditions, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Ischaemic heart disease, while commonly associated with metabolic syndrome X due to the increased risk factors, is not a direct component of the syndrome itself. Therefore, it is not considered a part of metabolic syndrome X. Hyperlipidemia (A), obesity (B), and hypertension (D) are all key components of metabolic syndrome X due to their association with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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