Adult Health Nursing Test Banks

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain and can present with various manifestations. The typical features of generalized seizures include loss of consciousness, dilated pupils, and muscular stiffening. These seizures may also involve other symptoms such as tonic-clonic movements, convulsions, and postictal confusion. Jerking movements of all extremities (option B) are more characteristic of tonic-clonic seizures, a subtype of generalized seizures. Facial grimace with patting and smacking (option C) may be seen in focal seizures originating from a certain area of the brain. A vacant stare with a brief loss of consciousness (option D) is more typical of absence seizures rather than generalized seizures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the patient's presentation of a painless thyroid nodule and hoarseness of voice is consistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma, a type of thyroid cancer. While Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid conditions that can lead to thyroid nodules, they typically do not present with hoarseness of voice. Diabetes mellitus does not directly cause these symptoms. Thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, is the most likely cause based on the patient's clinical presentation and the biopsy results.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Placing the mother in a hands-and-knees position can help facilitate fetal rotation from occiput posterior to the desired occiput anterior position. This position utilizes gravity to assist in the repositioning of the baby, ultimately helping to alleviate back pain and promoting more efficient labor progress. It allows the baby's head to descend properly into the pelvis, potentially reducing the risk of a prolonged labor or the need for instrumental delivery. Additionally, being in this position can help the mother feel more comfortable and empowered during labor. Overall, assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position is a non-invasive, low-risk intervention that can have a positive impact on both the mother and baby's well-being during labor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, and ST-segment elevation on an ECG in the inferior leads are classic signs of an acute myocardial infarction (MI). An acute MI occurs when there is a sudden blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to tissue damage. This causes symptoms such as chest pain due to ischemia, dyspnea due to heart failure, and hypotension due to poor cardiac output. The ST-segment elevation seen on the ECG is indicative of significant myocardial injury. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial in acute MI to prevent further complications and to minimize damage to the heart muscle. It is important to differentiate an acute MI from stable or unstable angina or other cardiovascular disorders, as the management and prognosis vary significantly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain and can present with various manifestations. The typical features of generalized seizures include loss of consciousness, dilated pupils, and muscular stiffening. These seizures may also involve other symptoms such as tonic-clonic movements, convulsions, and postictal confusion. Jerking movements of all extremities (option B) are more characteristic of tonic-clonic seizures, a subtype of generalized seizures. Facial grimace with patting and smacking (option C) may be seen in focal seizures originating from a certain area of the brain. A vacant stare with a brief loss of consciousness (option D) is more typical of absence seizures rather than generalized seizures.