Fundamentals Nursing Process Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutrophil. Neutrophils are the most numerous type of WBC, typically comprising 50-70% of total WBC count. They are key players in the body's immune response, phagocytizing pathogens. Basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes are less numerous than neutrophils. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions, eosinophils combat parasitic infections, and lymphocytes play a critical role in adaptive immunity. However, in terms of sheer numbers, neutrophils outnumber the other types of WBC.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thymectomy. Thymectomy involves the surgical removal of the thymus gland, which is often abnormal in individuals with myasthenia gravis. The thymus plays a role in the development of the immune system and can contribute to the autoimmune response seen in myasthenia gravis. By removing the thymus gland, the autoimmune response may be reduced, leading to substantial remission of symptoms. Choice A, Esophagostomy, involves creating a surgical opening into the esophagus and is not a treatment for myasthenia gravis. Choice C, Myomectomy, is the surgical removal of uterine fibroids and is unrelated to myasthenia gravis. Choice D, Spleenectomy, is the removal of the spleen and is not a standard treatment for myasthenia gravis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - Check for a gag reflex before allowing the patient to drink. This is important after a bronchoscopy to prevent aspiration. Step 1: Assessing gag reflex ensures the patient can protect their airway. Step 2: Aspiration risk is high post-bronchoscopy due to sedation and possible throat numbness. Step 3: Allowing fluids without confirming gag reflex can lead to aspiration pneumonia. Other choices are incorrect. A: Ordering a meal immediately is inappropriate after NPO period. B: Encouraging fluids without assessing gag reflex may lead to aspiration. C: Monitoring consciousness is important but not directly related to post-bronchoscopy care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Related to impaired balance. The rationale for this is that a cerebellar brain tumor can affect the client's coordination and balance due to its location in the brain responsible for fine motor movements. Impaired balance increases the risk for falls and injuries. Visual field deficits (choice A) may contribute to the risk of injury but not as directly as impaired balance. Difficulty swallowing (choice C) and psychomotor seizures (choice D) are not directly related to the client's risk for injury due to a cerebellar brain tumor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. In a Romberg test, the patient stands with feet together and eyes closed to assess proprioception. 2. Swaying, losing balance, or arm drifting indicates impaired proprioception, suggesting a positive Romberg sign, which is abnormal. 3. Hypotension (choice A) is not directly related to the Romberg test. 4. Sneezing and wheezing (choice C) are unrelated to the test. 5. Excessive cerumen in the outer ear (choice D) does not affect proprioception. Summary: Choice B is correct as it directly relates to impaired proprioception, which is abnormal in a Romberg test. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are unrelated to the purpose of the test.