Fundamentals Nursing Process Questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (10-15 mmHg) because this range is considered safe and effective for suctioning in most cases. Lower suction pressures (such as 2-5 mmHg) may not effectively clear secretions, while higher pressures (20-25 mmHg) can cause tissue damage. Choice C (5-10 mmHg) falls within the safe range but may not provide enough suction for effective clearance. Therefore, the optimal suction pressure for James using the portable suction unit at home is 10-15 mmHg.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Active natural immunity. The mother had chickenpox as a child, which triggered her immune system to produce antibodies, providing long-lasting protection. This is an example of active immunity because her immune system actively responded to the pathogen. Summary: B: Passive artificial immunity - This involves receiving pre-made antibodies, not produced by the individual's immune system. C: Passive natural immunity - This is acquired through placental transfer or breastfeeding, not through prior exposure to the pathogen. D: Active artificial immunity - This is acquired through vaccination, not through natural exposure to the pathogen.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because testing the 4th (trochlear) and 6th (abducens) cranial nerves involves assessing eye movements. The trochlear nerve controls downward and inward eye movement, while the abducens nerve controls lateral eye movement. Asking the patient to follow the finger with their eyes tests the function of both nerves simultaneously. Choices A, B, and C do not specifically target the 4th and 6th cranial nerves, making them incorrect options.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Identifying the client is crucial for correct blood transfusion to avoid errors. Step 2: Client identification includes verifying name, date of birth, and unique identifiers. Step 3: Ensuring correct patient prevents transfusion reactions and improves patient safety. Step 4: Monitoring vital signs and flow rate are important but secondary to client identification. Step 5: Maintaining blood temperature is not a primary concern during blood transfusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutrophil. Neutrophils are the most numerous type of WBC, typically comprising 50-70% of total WBC count. They are key players in the body's immune response, phagocytizing pathogens. Basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes are less numerous than neutrophils. Basophils are involved in allergic reactions, eosinophils combat parasitic infections, and lymphocytes play a critical role in adaptive immunity. However, in terms of sheer numbers, neutrophils outnumber the other types of WBC.