geriatric nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with physical therapy. This intervention is effective in managing chronic pain in older adults because it addresses both the psychological and physical aspects of pain. CBT helps individuals change negative thought patterns and behaviors related to pain, leading to improved pain management. Physical therapy can help improve physical function and reduce pain through exercises and techniques. A: Increased use of narcotic medications may provide short-term relief but can lead to dependence and other negative side effects in older adults. C: Isolation can worsen mental health and exacerbate pain symptoms due to lack of social support and interaction. D: Surgery is not suitable for all types of chronic pain in older adults and should only be considered as a last resort after conservative interventions have been tried. In summary, B is the most effective intervention as it addresses both psychological and physical aspects of chronic pain in older adults, unlike the other options which may have limitations or negative consequences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The patient's advanced directives and wishes. This is crucial in end-of-life care as it ensures that the patient's preferences and values are respected. By evaluating the advanced directives and wishes, the nurse can provide care that aligns with the patient's goals and desires. This promotes autonomy and dignity in the patient's end-of-life experience. Choice A (Patient's financial situation) is not as crucial as the patient's wishes in end-of-life care, as financial considerations should not dictate the quality of care provided. Choice B (The family�s expectations) is important, but the patient's wishes should take precedence as it is their care and preferences that should be the primary focus. Choice D (The patient's history of medication use) is relevant for overall care but not as crucial in end-of-life care as honoring the patient's wishes and directives.

Correct Answer: A, B, C

Rationale: The correct answers are A, B, and C. A cultural assessment is important in healthcare settings to understand the patient's beliefs, values, and practices related to health and illness. A) Culture guides decision making about health, illness, and preventive care because beliefs and practices vary among cultures. B) Culture provides direction for individuals on how to interact during health care encounters as communication styles and expectations differ based on culture. C) Culture impacts attitudes toward aging as perceptions of aging, care for the elderly, and end-of-life decisions are influenced by cultural beliefs. D is incorrect because individuals within the same culture may still have diverse reactions in similar situations due to personal differences and experiences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because maintaining good eye contact and a relaxed, smiling approach can help establish a sense of trust and connection with persons with dementia. This approach can help reduce feelings of confusion and anxiety in individuals with dementia, improving communication and fostering a positive interaction. A: Asking open-ended questions may overwhelm individuals with dementia and make it difficult for them to process information. B: Talking to persons with dementia as you would a child is inappropriate and disrespectful, as it disregards their dignity and autonomy. D: Reminding individuals with dementia not to forget something can be frustrating and may lead to feelings of failure or inadequacy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increasing protein intake. Protein is crucial for maintaining muscle mass and strength in older adults, aiding in the prevention and management of malnutrition. Protein also supports immune function and wound healing. Reducing calorie intake (A) can exacerbate malnutrition, as older adults need adequate nutrition. Avoiding all fats (C) is not recommended as healthy fats are essential for brain health and nutrient absorption. Limiting hydration (D) can lead to dehydration and worsen malnutrition. In summary, increasing protein intake is the most important factor in managing malnutrition in older adults due to its vital role in maintaining overall health and preventing muscle loss.